Han Fang killed Zhang Maorong’s room, many photos were pasted on the cabinet.
December 21, 2020, Zhang Jianguo, Zhang Jianjun brothers for his father Zhang Mawrong anniversary of the death.
In accordance with local customs in Heilongjiang, people who die horizontally can be buried only after five years, Zhang Mawrong’s ashes have been placed in a brown and red box in the funeral home in Nenjiang City. Zhang Jianguo came to the funeral home, placed on the memorial table steamed buns, meat, cigarettes and apples, but also brought a bottle of wine for his father, who did not drink before he was born, but did not kneel to worship. Zhang Jianjun did not go to the funeral home, in the village crossroads burned some paper money.
In addition to mourning their father, the brothers have to plan a visit to Harbin to see their mother.
The mother, Han Fang, is serving a sentence in a women’s prison in Heilongjiang Province for intentional homicide – a year ago, she killed her husband and father, Zhang Maorong, whom the brothers had just paid tribute to.
The company’s main business is to provide a wide range of products and services to the public.
In the early morning of December 21, 2019, Han Fang struck a sleeping Zhang Maorong with a rolling pin, causing him to die of a brain hernia. on October 26, 2020, the Nengjiang Municipal Court ruled that Han Fang was guilty of intentional homicide; however, Zhang Maorong had abused Han Fang for a long time, causing her to undergo a lasting personality change, and at the time of the crime, she was of limited criminal responsibility, and Han Fang had turned herself in, so she was given a lighter sentence of five years in prison. The sentence was five years’ imprisonment.
In the vast rural areas, there are few women like Han Fang who have suffered from domestic violence for a long time. According to the third survey on the social status of Chinese women organized by the All-China Women’s Federation and the National Bureau of Statistics in 2011, 5.5 percent of women explicitly said they had been beaten by their spouses, of which 7.8 percent and 3.1 percent in rural areas and towns respectively.
Beijing public interest lawyer Lv Xiaoquan believes that the evolution from domestic violence to anti-husband vicious cases is often an outbreak after a long period of accumulation, “If I don’t kill him today, he may kill me. “
“Home is not as good as prison, prison no one beat me.”
Zhang Maorong’s last fist fight against Han Fang was the night of December 20, 2019.
The Nengjiang court’s verdict shows that at 9 p.m. that night, Zhang Maorong said he was sentenced for gambling, but Han Fang did not spend money to “smoke him out.” For this reason, he beat and scolded Han Fang until 2 a.m., and told her to go out and borrow money: if she couldn’t, he would kill Han Fang, his son, daughter-in-law and grandson.
For the past 50 years, similar beatings and verbal abuse have been going on in the home of Zhang Maorong and Han Fang. It is a yard located at the east end of Lianxing Village, four brick houses of more than 200 square meters lined up, under the big red roof, the outer wall is a water of white tiles, several windows almost fill the wall. At the entrance of the house, there is a pair of tile inlaid with yellow letters on a red background: “Blessed with prosperity and luck, the family is thriving and people are thriving.
Unlike other people in the village, the windows in the front of the house are welded shut, and the windows in the back of the house have pins placed on the outside, which can only be opened from the outside. The bedroom door was fitted with a pair of locks, and there was a chain that had been chained to the dog in the house – Zhang Maorong used it to lock Han Fang at night when he slept.
In the eldest son Zhang Jianguo’s impression, on December 17, 2019, his mother Han Fang and himself through a video call to discuss how to escape from the house, “son, what to do? My mother’s family also has no one, can not pick me up. “At that time near the end of the year, Zhang Jianguo thought after the New Year. But Han Fang did not talk a few sentences to hang up, “the madman came back.”
Recalled afterwards, Zhang Jianguo thought it was the last time his mother asked for help from the outside world, only three days after the tragedy.
According to the Nengjiang court verdict, at about 4 a.m. on December 21, 2019, Han Fang hit Zhang Maorong on the head with a rolling pin while he was asleep, then used Zhang Maorong’s clothes and towels to wipe away the blood on his head, and threw the aforementioned items into the kangdong and burned them. It was found that Zhang Mawrong died of scalp laceration, crushed skull fracture and ruptured dura mater, and brain hernia.
The second son, Zhang Jianjun, received a video call from Han Fang at 8:00 a.m. on the day of the incident, and Han Fang knew that her youngest son would usually get up around 8:00 a.m. The call was only 15 seconds long, Han Fang said son, you come back to the trip.
Zhang Jianjun rushed back to his parents’ home in just a few minutes, Han Fang hugged him in the front room and cried: “I can’t stand it, your father wants to kill me every day, beat me every day. “Han Fang and dragged Zhang Jianjun to the back room where he usually sleeps,” your father seems to be dead “.
Zhang Maorong was lying on the bed, Zhang Jianjun used his hand to probe his nose, shake his body, and called out “Dad” twice, but there was no response. He immediately called his brother, Zhang Jianguo rushed home and found an egg-sized pit on his father’s head, with no blood on his skin.
Zhang Jianguo ran to find his mother, who was unexpectedly squatting in the yard in waves to give the brothers a share of vegetables. Frozen chicks, mushrooms and other vegetables were put into plastic bags by Han Fang, a son home a big bag.
In Zhang Jianguo’s eyes, his father’s stubborn character is unlikely to commit suicide, his mother’s calmness made his heart thump, “Mom, is it you who hit? “”It was me who hit. “Han Fang said.
In addition to his brother, Zhang Jianjun also called the village of Lianxing village support Zhao Mou. Zhao’s first reaction was to persuade Han Fang to turn himself in, “not to turn himself in both of his brothers have to go in. “Hearing Zhao’s words, Han Fang raised his voice:” that does not work, I a man killed to pay for his life, can not let my son go to prison. “
Han Fang asked her sons to help her pack thick clothes for the winter, take the medicine for High blood pressure, heart disease, cerebral infarction, and two daughters-in-law were on the phone, telling them to live a good life. The younger daughter-in-law was close by and arrived home hugging her mother-in-law and husband and crying, while the older son sat alone on the sofa with tears streaming down his cheeks.
“This time you’re okay, don’t worry, live well. “Han Fang patted his youngest daughter-in-law’s shoulder,” home is not as good as prison, prison no one beat me. “
“At that time the village where there is a divorce? “
In the sister Han Qin’s narrative, sister Han Fang was born in 1954, is the Heilongjiang Province, Zhao Yuan County, Yixin village people, did not study, illiterate. Han family siblings seven, Han Fang is the eldest, father Han Yulin was the village production team leader, good conditions, the family built a brick house in the 1970s.
Like Han Fang, Zhang Maorong is also from Yixin Village and lives in the front and back yard with the Han family. But Zhang’s father fell from a height when he was helping to build a house in the early years, and could not do heavy work, so the Zhang family’s economic conditions were much worse. Zhang’s younger sister, Zhang Maocui, said that the family had eight siblings, and Zhang Maorong was the second in line; there were only two earth houses for ten people, with one kang in the south and one in the north of the house.
In the impression of relatives, Han Fang is cheerful, easy-going and always wears a short hair. In the bedroom closet of the Zhang family in Lianxing Village, there are still pictures of Han Fang when she was young: she wore a plaid shirt with the top button tied tightly; her eyebrows and features were moderate, not beautiful, but generous, and her teeth were white and neat when she smiled.
As for Zhang Maorong’s looks when he was young, Zhang Maocui and the villagers can no longer remember clearly. They only remember that Zhang Mawrong about one meter seven, melon face, eyebrows quite black, once a “handsome boy”. Sometimes, he would wear a suit with a bowler hat walking in the village, “not like a rural person.
Nowadays, no one can say how the two came together when their families were so different. Zhang Mao Cui remembered that his mother originally did not agree to the marriage, “people are rich girls”, afraid to raise.
The Han family’s opposition was even fiercer. Han Qin said his father, Han Yulin, believes that Zhang Maorong does not work in the field, good gambling and money, follow him to enjoy the blessings. In order to stop the two, Han Yulin also used a belt to beat Han Fang, saying “his family is not a family to live in”.
Despite this, at the age of about 16, Han Fang followed Zhang Maorong and left, only to return home three or four years later. That time, the two brought back their eldest son, Zhang Jianguo, and Han Yulin, who had become a grandfather, hugged and smiled at his grandson, and the gloom that once existed dissipated.
Zhang Mawrong took Han Fang away from home and moved to the village of Lianxing in Nenjiang County (now Nenjiang City), Heilongjiang Province, more than 500 kilometers away. According to the villagers Sun Xihua recalled, in the 1960s and 1970s, the village people married to have a banquet, but Zhang Mawrong and Han Fang did not do. “They just arrived in the village when there was nothing, poor as a ding-dong. “
For the two whether the marriage procedures, the villagers are divided, Zhang Jianguo, Zhang Jianjun also never saw their parents’ marriage certificate. The only thing that is certain is that Han Fang was under the legal age of marriage when they “got married” – according to the 1950 According to the marriage law of 1950, women can only get married when they reach the age of 18.
In Lianxing Village, Zhang Maorong and Han Fang did not have a good time. Their earliest neighbor, Sun Lianxiang, now 70, said that from the time they first arrived in the village, Zhang Mawrong often beat Han Fang, who was terrified by the small children of the family they were initially staying with, and the owner had to let them move out.
Because of the beating, in the 1970s, Han Fang also ran to her mother’s house a few times, and afraid of being caught by Zhang Mawrong. The company’s neighbors in Lianxing Village, Chen remembers that Han Fang did not dare to take a bus from the village, but first took a fishing boat across the Nengjiang River, walked over the head of Montenegro, and then took a train to Hongyan Town in Inner Mongolia. 500 kilometers of road, to walk two full days.
Blackhead on the west side of the Nengjiang River. When Han Fang was young and fled to her mother’s home, she had to walk over that mountain.
Han Qin has seen the sister who fled home, sad face into the house, rolled up the sleeves and trouser legs, the body is a bruise. But every ten days and a half months, Han Fang’s anger subsided, for the son who did not grow up will still come home.
“My sister under the ruthlessness said to divorce, and then their own hearts and softened, which divorce in the village at that time? “Han Qin said, parents of his sister is also persuaded and not persuaded to divorce, said “war to war, life still has to live “, said “if a woman with children married again, the child will also be aggrieved”. “And my father felt that Zhang Mawrong is my sister’s own love, divorce face can not afford. “
In Han Qin’s memory, after the 1980s, nine uncles and sisters in the family got married one after another, the days were good, Han Fang is one of the very few exceptions. Since then, Han Fang rarely fled to her mother’s house after being beaten, she said to Han Qin, the unfortunate marriage will make her own in the sisters can not raise their heads.
“One more thing is better than less.”
The village of Lianxing is located in the city of Nenjiang in northwestern Heilongjiang Province, next to China’s northernmost Daxinganling, the coldest in the winter when there are more than 40 degrees below zero. mid-December, the village chimney out of the white smoke of burning bean stalks, black smoke of burning coal, there are also some houses deserted collapsed, very cold. Villager Lao Lin said, the young people basically went out to work, the rest are mostly the elderly, sitting on the bed waiting for the sun to set.
Zhang Maorong’s family mainly relies on Han Fang to sell popsicles and make vermicelli to make ends meet. Zhang Maorong’s work is not stable, he has collected soybeans in the village, planted a few years, and helped his son sell coal. When he was not working, Zhang Maorong loved to gamble, playing the traditional pai gow. Zhang Jianguo said his father “lived his life by gambling” and spent most of the year gambling. During the long winter months, the sound of shuffling and yelling while playing mahjong came from several stores in Lianxing Village from time to time.
Once the money lost in gambling, beating Han Fang is Zhang Maorong’s way of venting. Zhang Jianguo remembers that his father would drag his mother’s hair to the ground, clenched fist smashed on his mother’s face, and even raised his foot to kick her head. When the father was tired of fighting, the mother often nose bleeding, gasping for air, and sometimes foaming at the mouth.
In addition to gambling losses, Zhang Mawrong beat Han Fang for many other reasons, such as cooking late, coming home late, slow to clean up the dishes …… After 2017, he began to suspect Han Fang of cheating, which led to more and more frequent violence.
Looking back on these, 46-year-old Zhang Jianguo will gulp down a few large mouthfuls of mineral water, or take a hard puff on a cigarette and slowly exhale smoke. “Will I be that way when I get to his age? “Zhang Jianguo thought about it,” now see I do not have that trend. “
In this family of four, Zhang Maorong’s appearance is blurred. The family’s closet is pasted on thirty or so photos, only the upper right corner belongs to Zhang Maorong, the other photos are Han Fang. After the accident last year, Zhang Jianjun tore off his father’s photos and burned them, “I do not want to see this again, do not want to think of him. “
Because of gambling, not many people in the village and Zhang Mawrong acquaintance, but also rarely do things together. In addition to beating his daughter-in-law at home, everyone’s impression of him is okay, and he has little conflict with people.
In the matter of beating his daughter-in-law, the elderly in Lianxing Village have long seen the strange, home, outside the home, yard, village roads, riverside, farmland, Zhang Mawrong has beaten Han Fang. At first, when people in the village see Zhang Mawrong hit people will go up to persuade, but whoever persuades Zhang Mawrong will be angry at anyone, mouth cursing.
The daughter-in-law of Zhang Xijun of the same village has a good relationship with Han Fang, and once Han Fang wanted to run away and hid her clothes in advance in the cabinet of Zhang Xijun’s house. Neighbor Chen remembers that Zhang Mawrong found Zhang Xijun’s house with an axe, broke the cabinet, tore Xijun’s daughter-in-law’s clothes, and beat her with sticks.
After that, the villagers saw Zhang Mawrong hit Han Fang more afraid to care, think that is the matter of two people. “Look at the line we will advise, see not as not seen, more than one thing is better than less. “Villagers old Wen said.
Villager Liu Fugui early years living in the east of the Zhang family, more than 20 meters apart. He witnessed Zhang Mawrong standing on the village road to beat Han Fang, with a board shovel to her back, “bang bang ring. Liu Fugui was watching nearby, until Han Fang was dragged back to the house, “into the house after we can not ask. “
Zhang Maorong began to suspect Han Fang cheating, Liu Fugui on the road to see Han Fang even dare not say hello. Han Fang occasionally come over the door, Liu Fugui will persuade her to go back, “you have nothing to do not always come on our house. “
The villager Lao Wen lived across the street from the Zhang family for 15 or 16 years, never had a conflict with Zhang Mawrong, and rarely asked about Han Fang’s beating. Until April or May 2019, Zhang Mawrong suspected Han Fang cheating with Lao Wen, but also wrote Lao Wen into the kill list, Lao Wen this ran to the police a few hundred meters away from the Lianxing Township police station. Zhang said, at least for the past three years, Lao Wen is the only villager who has contacted the police.
“I do not know what to fear, mainly afraid of my father.”
For Zhang Jianguo, Zhang Jianjun, his father was more commonplace to his mother bullying. From childhood, these violent scenes will grow up with the two brothers.
Zhang Jianguo remembers that when his father beat his mother as a child, he was too scared to move, and sometimes followed by a slap on the face, “the brain buzzed confusion. Sometimes when he came home from school and saw his mother lying on the floor with her eyes closed and gasping for air, he knew she had been beaten again and would help her to the bed.
After briefly tending to his mother, Zhang would run all the way to his classmate’s house. “At that time it was felt that the family war, home easy to be beaten, to dawdle until seven or eight o’clock at night and then go back. “
In order to leave the home, Zhang Jianguo at the age of 16 to find someone to change the identity card, the age of 3 years old was falsely reported to Jilin Siping as a soldier. The first year, he was particularly worried about his mother, wrote two or three letters home. But only his father could read and write, and the only letter he wrote back said, “Don’t worry, the family is fine. “
His brother Zhang Jianjun was also reluctant to go home. In recent years, Zhang Mawrong beat Han Fang more and more frequently, he drove a large car to pull coal for business, the night back to the village are reluctant to enter the home. The Northeast strong man would rather nest in the cab sleeper to endure the night, “cold to show their teeth” do not want to see their father, feel disturbed.
In addition to the coal business, Zhang Jianjun also opened a barbecue restaurant in the village, business is booming. 2020 December 6, he turned over fifty or sixty skewers, in the phone to take a variety of orders, while recalling the past of his parents. He said that after the death of his father, the brothers are still afraid to return to the old house, even during the day to go home to get things are afraid, “I do not know what to fear, I’m afraid …… of everything, mainly afraid of my father. “
In that once home, the brothers and two daughters-in-law have advised their father not to do anything to their mother, and sometimes they will step in to stop it. But who advised Zhang Mawrong will hit who, lightly slapped, heavily kicked, and once also carried an axe to chase Zhang Jianjun who came to persuade the fight.
When it comes to such things, the two brothers basically do not dare to fight back. Zhang Jianguo said, “so many years, one is afraid of him, afraid of him; another he is our old man, I can not hit him. “
The brothers also fear that once the disobedience of the father, the mother will suffer more harm. “So I grew up with my brother, a slap has never hurt him. “Zhang Jianguo said.
The only slightly more violent defiance occurred in the summer of 2019, when Zhang Maorong tortured Han Fang the most. One night, the sound of smashing things came from his parents’ house, and a drunken Zhang rushed in. Zhang Maorong was furious and copied a bone-cutting knife. Zhang Jianjun put Han Fang behind him and pounced on him with the strength of alcohol and pinned his father down on the bed.
Without the shelter of her family and neighbors, Han Fang only put up a few fights during her 50 years of domestic violence. Once, she drank pesticide when Zhang Maorong was not at home, and was later sent to Lianxing Township health Center by a neighbor to recover her life by gastric lavage. There were several other times when she ran to the homes of villagers with better relations, but she was always found by Zhang Mawrong, after which she was inevitably beaten up.
Late one night in April 2019, Han Fang saw the opportunity to flee again and ran to an acquaintance’s house near the village of Huxing. The next morning, Zhang Jianguo was quietly called to pick up the village of Huxing, he remembered that his mother was beaten so that her eyes could not see people, walking with a limp, the middle part of the calf and thigh was kicked into a bruise.
Zhang Jianguo received Han Fang to Nenjiang County after renting a rough room, the house only a bed, a TV, a rice cooker. Han Fang in that house can not take a bath for more than 20 days, not even downstairs, afraid of being caught by Zhang Maorong.
In order to find Han Fang, Zhang Mawrong almost every day to Zhang Jianguo car repair store opposite the sit-in, from six or seven o’clock in the evening to 11 or 12 o’clock in the middle of the night to close the door, as soon as there is business he will curse the street. Zhang Jianguo said that his father just wanted to let people know that he was here to make trouble, so that Zhang Jianguo in the neighborhood can not raise his head.
26 days later, Zhang Jianguo compromised, “I this mother I must hand over, not hand over certainly not. “He persuaded his mother to go home, said his father promised not to beat people up, “let’s give him another chance. “
However, after Han Fang returned home, Zhang Maorong did not keep his promise and the violence continued. “How not to regret it? This came out, regret is also too late. “Zhang Jianguo sighed, the ground is full of extinguished cigarette butts.
“This is an internal family conflict.”
Zhang Mawrong home to the east, a five-minute walk is the Lianxing police station. more than 30 years ago, beaten Han Fang went here for help; a year ago in the winter, she again pulled open the dark blue security door of the police station, surrendered to the police.
In Zhang’s memory, when he was a teenager, Han Fang reported to the police twice for domestic violence, and the police at Lianxing police station treated it as a family dispute, and went back when they came to the house to persuade.
2019 is the most serious year of domestic violence in Zhang Maorong, Zhang Jianguo reported to the police twice for his mother. The first time was Zhang Mawrong hit Han Fang on the second floor of Zhang Jianguo’s auto repair store, Zhang Jianguo heard and pulled his father down, and the fight was not serious. At that time, the Tiexi police station in Nenjiang City, after receiving the police sent three people to persuade, leaving a “you are a family conflict, we can not solve. “
From the legal point of view, there is nothing wrong with this approach. According to the law against domestic violence, domestic violence is relatively minor, according to the law does not give public security management punishment, by the public security organs to domestic violence criticism and education or issue a letter of caution.
The second time was in July 2019, after a beating that lasted several days, the brothers called 110, hoping that the public security authorities would go to the village to scare the father so that he would stop bullying his mother. This time, perhaps because Zhang Mawrong did not hit Han Fang at that time, 110 did not call the police.
On December 9, 2020, the reporter came to Lianxing police station to learn about the domestic violence suffered by Han Fang and the circumstances surrounding the request for help. A male staff member said the interview needs to contact the Nenjiang City Public Security Bureau, the reporter called the Nenjiang City Public Security Bureau in charge of publicity after the leader surnamed Meng, the other party politely declined the interview request.
Auto repair store that time after the police, Han Fang no longer look forward to police intervention, “the police came, (Zhang Mawrong) said not to fight is useless, go home is also playing as usual. “Later, Zhang Jianguo also put off the idea of the police.
In addition to the police, Luan Renshan, director of security in Lianxing Village, the village women’s federation chairman Zhao Guifen has also received Han Fang’s help. Luan Rensan said this is an internal family conflict, can only set out the right and wrong to mediate, “which between the couple’s tongue does not touch the teeth? “
The company’s main business is to promote the development of the company’s products and services. In addition to the most common persuasion, she also asked Han Fang to take Zhang Mawrong to a checkup to see if he had a mental illness.
In 2016, when the anti-domestic violence law was implemented, Zhao Guifen deliberately chose Zhang Maorong’s home to hold a live publicity meeting. She spent more than half an hour reading the entire law word by word, saying that the state has written into the law “the prohibition of any form of domestic violence”.
In front of 20 to 30 villagers, Zhao Guifen told Zhang Mawrong, “Uncle Zhang, there is a law to protect my aunt, and then fight the war to sanction you. Zhang Maorong smiled, “I know, no more fighting. “
“Anti-domestic violence laws have been introduced, but also failed to protect Han Fang, to not be able to appear this phenomenon? “Talking about these, Zhao Guifen looked a little confused,” why would this be? I can not say. “
“Surviving these five years.”
In September 2020, Han Fang intentional homicide case in Nengjiang City Court remote video trial. Through the big screen, Zhang Jianguo saw Han Fang lost a lot of weight, was two bailiffs to help into a room in Heihe City Detention Center, limping, two hands have been trembling.
At the trial, Han Fang admitted to hitting Zhang Maorong and pleaded guilty. The public prosecution read and presented the testimonies of several neighbors as well as Zhao Guifen and the director of Lianxing Township Police Station to prove that during the 50 years of marriage between Zhang Maorong and Han Fang, the former often scolded and abused the latter Han Fang without reason. Han Fang’s defense attorney also submitted a joint petition letter from more than 100 people in Lianxing Village to confirm that Han Fang had suffered domestic violence for a long time and requested the court to mitigate and reduce the punishment.
In addition, at Zhang Jianguo’s request, the Second Psychiatric Hospital of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province forensic appraisal institute also conducted an appraisal of Han Fang. The forensic appraisal opinion showed that Han Fang had undergone a lasting personality change after the catastrophic experience and was of limited criminal responsibility at the time of the crime.
On October 26, 2020, the Nengjiang court sentenced Han Fang to five years in prison for the crime of intentional homicide in the first instance. The panel held that Han Fang’s armed murder of Zhang Maorong, which resulted in his death, constituted intentional homicide. However, Han Fang’s behavior was due to the fact that he could not stand Zhang Mawrong’s “long-term abuse and domestic violence”, and the circumstances were less serious; and Han Fang had limited criminal responsibility at the time of the crime, and had surrendered. Therefore, the punishment was lighter.
In the vast rural areas, there are few women like Han Fang who have suffered from domestic violence for a long time.
For Han Fang’s verdict, Zhang Jianguo was not surprised, but he was worried that his mother would not last until the day she was released from prison. Han Fang, who has suffered from domestic violence and abuse for many years, suffers from heart disease, high blood pressure, cerebral infarction, cirrhosis of the liver and many other diseases, and is not very strong.
On the night of December 6, Zhang Jianjun sent someone to Zhang Jianguo brought the Heilongjiang Provincial Women’s Prison Settlement issued a “Notice of Admission of Offenders”, which was stained with yellowing barbecue grease. The notice states that Han Fang is participating in prison training, immediate family members can bring their identity documents and notice to visit the prison on Thursday.
Zhang Jianguo looked at the notice for a long time, thinking that the training is military training. He was afraid that his mother’s body could not bear it, so he hid in the inner room and called a friend for advice. The friend repeatedly explained that the training was ideological education, and Zhang Jianguo was relieved.
Although it has been nearly a month since they received Han Fang’s notice of admission, the brothers have not yet been to Harbin. In their plan, in early January next year, they will visit their mother in prison, to bring some of her mother’s favorite fruit, so that she can relax and get well.
“Survive these five years, our family can be reunited. “Zhang Jianguo said.
(Zhang Maorong, Han Fang, Zhang Jianguo, Zhang Jianjun, Zhang Maocui, Han Qin are pseudonyms in the article)
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