After Wu Yongning’s death, the term “son of the Poor family” was used in many news stories about him.
He was, indeed, a man in the true sense of the word: post-secondary school dropout, a home in a slightly dilapidated village, a sick mother, an ordinary stepfather, the prospect of marriage, the need for a bride price — these may have been one of the reasons for his dream of wealth.
In the last 10 months of his life, the young man, who was born in 1991, posted more than 300 short videos of himself climbing landmarks in Chongqing, Changsha, Wuhan, Ningbo and Shanghai on many live video streaming websites under the name “Extreme Singing Ning”. It is unclear whether he will have the joy of standing out when he has 100 million hits and can talk about his “project” worth 100,000 yuan.
On November 8, 2017, all this came to an abrupt end. In the comments section, the message “You can’t live for more than three months” turned out to be a prophecy, a little cruel.
One and a half years after The death of Wu Yongning, I came to Ningxiang, Hunan. The lawyer could not remember the way to his house, even though he had been there several times before. The car stopped at a garage at the entrance to the village and called Wu Yongning’s stepfather, who later came out to pick us up.
In order to his marriage, the house in the home is clean and tidy, in his marriage room on the 2nd floor, the air conditioning TV does not lack anything. Sitting in the yard, in the cold wind came the sound of pig slaughtering in the village. It would soon be New Year again.
1
Wu yongning’s fall from a building in Changsha was captured on video.
I asked the lawyer who shot the video. Lawyer told me, yong-ning wu when climbing tall buildings often carry two phones, a mobile phone to choose a good location in the building opposite the, record the whole process of climbing, his another cell phone he carried, used to take – this also explains why there is no one to report to the police after his fall from tall buildings, let the body just below platform was found the next day.
According to a later police investigation report, Wu arrived alone at the landmark building at 12:20 on Nov. 8, 2017. The building faces Juzizhou Head, overlooking the whole Xiangjiang River. Upstairs to swipe his card, Mr. Wu followed the others to the 45th floor, then through a fire escape and onto the platform.
At 12:57, his figure appears on a cell phone placed in the building opposite. After scrubbing the building’s glass walls and roof edges several times, he grabs the edges with both hands and slowly slides his body down the side, without any protection. After his body is suspended outside the wall, Wu Yongning starts to do pull-ups — this is his routine. Over the past six months, he has formed a set of “performance” procedures, such as pull-ups, moonwalks, one-armed suspension and so on.
Somehow, this day’s challenge seemed too much for him, and he stopped after only three pull-ups. In the next shot, he pushes his feet upward, as if trying to climb, but after a few unsuccessful attempts. He adjusted the position of his hands. After that, he fell.
In January 2019, the judge and I traveled from Beijing to Changsha and entered the building where Wu Yongning fell to his death. The property management took us through tunnel after tunnel until we came to the rather hidden death spot, which was the prelude to the accident.
Wu yongning did not fall from the outside of the building to the ground – it was almost 200 metres. He fell to a landing on the floor, almost 20 metres from where he had missed. Mr. Wu did not die at the scene. The police investigation report said, “Around 15 p.m…. He was injured and fell to the ground.
From the scene traces, he also climbed more than 10 meters. At that time, his family and girlfriend were calling him all the time, but the phone was not with him.
The next day, Nov. 9, at 6 a.m., the building’s cleaning staff came to the platform, found Wu yongning’s body, and immediately reported the case.
The police concluded that “homicide is ruled out and his death was an accident and not related to others”.
2
Wu yongning’s stepfather, Feng Fushan, only learned of the death a few days later.
“I don’t know what to do. I know my son is in danger, but I don’t know which phone to call or whom to ask for solutions.”
I’ve heard a lot of words that I regretted afterwards, but nothing was as sad as this one.
Mr. Feng said Nov. 10 would be the day his son got engaged. Traditionally, a few days before Wu Yongning should do a variety of preparations at home, he also said he would go home, the results, but the person disappeared, the phone did not answer, “this is too abnormal”.
Feng fushan said that he had a bad presentiment at that time, just like losing his soul. “Some other relatives said that My face was dark for a few days, so I don’t know what happened.”
A few days later, Feng listened to wu Yongning’s aunt call to inform him that his son had fallen to his death. “I was dumb at that time, but I didn’t think It was really to climb the stairs and fell down,” feng said.
Feng Fushan regrets not giving his son enough care, but also confused about how to care. His farm experience no longer fits this era, and his status as a stepfather is somewhat awkward.
Feng fushan married Wu Yongning’s mother in 2013. Before getting married, Wu Yongning, then 22, “came over alone”, “asked me, do you want to marry my mother and have another? I said, I am a bachelor, has not been exquisite, can not be born, take you well. And he said, well, treat my mother right.”
At that time, Wu Yongning’s biological father died of illness for several years, Wu Yongning’s mother some mental illness, these Feng Fushan all know. Mr. Feng said he didn’t know what to do either, but it was the young Mr. Wu who helped him get a marriage certificate and a certificate for his only child. Later, it was Wu Yongning who arranged a wedding for them in the town, invited some relatives of both sides, and said, “Finish this thing, I may as well call you father”.
Wu Yongning read technical secondary school after junior high school, “did not finish go out”, social experience is richer than peers. He has rarely stayed in his hometown since, working mostly outside the home, saying he could earn money. Feng is not quite sure exactly what to do.
The pair had their first close encounter in 2014. At that time, Wu yongning’s mother was in good health, “she could cook and clean the house by herself, but it was relatively slow”, so Feng Fushan moved to the idea of going out to earn money.
Wu yongning was working in Dongguan at the time, he told his stepfather: “You are at home with me to go to the factory, 3,500 yuan a month.”
“I say ok, our father and son is 7000 yuan a month.” In this way, Feng Fushan also went to Dongguan.
Mr. Feng said he and his son do not share a workshop, but live in a dormitory. It was a rare time for father and son to understand each other, Feng Fushan listened to several workers praised Wu Yongning, said the child brain fast, strong hands-on ability, a person capable of three people’s work. But he also said, “You should have a good son.” Cross-examine again, originally everyone feel Wu Yongning some impetuous, “on our factory, he came three times.”
At that time, Wu Yongning every day to go out to buy lottery tickets, “have a rich dream,” but Feng Fushan can understand the child’s idea, “well, boys are the same.” Feng Fushan criticized Wu Yongning, “I say you do a good job, later marry a wife, that thing (lottery) don’t do.” He also listened to Wu Yongning, and then no longer obsessed with lottery.
That month, Wu yongning sent 1,500 yuan back to his mother in his hometown. The next month he was nowhere to be seen in the factory. “After only 40 days, he left, saying he wanted to make a film,” he said.
3
During the interview with Wu Yongning’s stepfather, his mother sat at a table under which was an electric heater commonly used in the south. She was very cold. The wind was blowing outside. She wrapped herself in her down jacket and put on her hat. There are two bottles of medicine on the table, some oranges and walnuts. There is nothing superfluous in the room, except a photo of Wu Yongning on the white wall, which is very conspicuous. Wu Yongning has a mother’s face, very handsome.
Feng Fushan said that Wu Yongning’s mother is not in a good state at the moment, when the night is very fragile, often cry, “generally until 1 o ‘clock to sleep“, better in the day, he would take her around the village, she would stop to play cards, he put her down, and then go to work.
When she first learned of her son’s death, Wu yongning’s mother often said she kept hearing someone singing in her ear. She has been rambling on and on about his sensible son, said his sad sad, “It is not easy for me to raise a son, not casually raised. I carry it wherever I go, I think I’m yongning, do you understand?”
But the mother’s memory still seems to dwell on Wu yongning’s childhood. She repeatedly described to me how she held her son and how she feared he would fall, and how little information she could provide about Wu Yongning’s adult life. I asked her, Wu Yongning so small went out, do you worry? “Of course,” she said. “I look at him outside and I’m worried about how unsafe the car is.”
The family does not know how Wu got his start as an extra, but from one day on, Wu yongning began to bring home his pictures from the set frequently. After the accident, his family found his pass in Hengdian World Studios and Xiangshan World Studios. “He has been shooting movies outside, here and there, for 10 years.”
The question of how Wu Turned from an extra to an online blogger to start a so-called “extreme challenge” has never been answered.
But one thing is for sure, he didn’t record short videos out of interest in the extreme challenge itself.
In less than a year of contact with wu yongning climbing tall buildings, his WeChat did not have any other friends engaged in extreme sports; He does not wear a seat belt, helmet or any protection when he climbs.
According to a lawyer’s investigation, Wu had no professional training before embarking on his high-altitude adventure. “In fact, I think he came up with the name ‘extreme challenge’. There is no extreme challenge of his nature, domestically or internationally.”
In 2016, a large number of mobile short video apps were launched. In 2017, as the popularity of short videos grew, Wu began to record and upload his own.
He shot some of the first funny short videos: one of them rides a bike to a gas station and pranks the workers; Some burn their face after lighting a firecracker; others blacken their face with makeup. There are friends with friends to eat dinner by friends; And drinking a bucket of cooking oil (which may not be the real thing)… In these pictures, Wu Yongning is speaking the local accent, funny trace is a little stiff.
Lawyers say the videos have received only a few hundred hits online.
Mr. Wu has also tried shooting short videos in the thriller style. It should be borrowed from the movie city’s hospital scene, beds, white clothes, corridors, with sombre music. The clicks are not high.
After combing, Wu Yongning’s first well-received video, is on the set of the “unarmed brick”. Wu yongning’s parents have also heard him sporadically say that he attended a martial arts school for a while but could not find a certificate.
It has to be admitted that his skill is indeed more agile than ordinary people. I saw a video of him running and jumping on the side of the road, running through obstacles like Mario, and even doing forward flips with ease. The lawyer later analyzed that Wu yongning should also have realized that his body is flexible, “think this is his advantage, [recording this short video] is a way for a rural boy like him to quickly become famous, make money and get rich.”
4
In Wu Yongning’s home, the first floor and the second floor are obviously two kinds of decoration styles.
In 2017, Mr. Wu sent back 20,000 yuan for his parents to renovate — a lot of money, Mr. Feng said. In June, wu Yongning has been out of the home, “he said, can do their own hands, can not do someone else”.
Mr. Wu was already preparing for his wedding: he renovated the second floor, added air conditioning and bought a washing machine. Parents of the room on the first floor, said no air conditioning, but Wu Yongning still bought.
“I told him not to buy it, but he insisted, saying he was afraid I was cold.” “Said Wu Yongning’s mother.
The third floor is a small attic, Wu Yongning also renovated. It is a four or five square meters of small room, very short, according to Wu Yongning 1 meter 76 height, come in have to bow. A bookcase, a desk, a suitcase, a computer and recording equipment on the desk, which serves as his “studio”.
Turn on the computer, there are more than 100 video, long, short, edited, original. I opened the biggest files, which Wu yongning took when he was with his friends.
In the video, Wu, along with two other men, is seen holding a GoPro and speaking to the camera, saying: “Today the building is only 20 floors high, but 20 floors is very dangerous. There’s access control downstairs. I came up the stairs… I think the best building to climb is the residential building on this side of our hometown. Every building can come up.”
The doors opened and he continued up the stairs, reached a platform, and began to climb along the railing. His GoPro hung over his head and as he climbed, he said, “I X, what railing is this? It’s shaking.”
“No climbing” was written on the platform in big Chinese characters. Wu and the two men couldn’t have missed it.
After playing on the platform, Mr. Wu and his friends went to another residential building. “The 33rd floor is a bit high,” Wu joked, as fellow travelers pressed a button on the floor. He fingered GoPro footage as another man leaned in to guide him, saying, “Shoot some details.”
Out of the elevator, Wu Yongning said: “today on the 33 floor, is also very high, well, to the top, there is no problem. He started looking around, then he started climbing, walking on the edge, pushing between two buildings, moonwalking, then jumping straight from one side to the other…
When he went downstairs, Wu Yongning continued to pat while saying, “Today, all the climbing are residential buildings, and all the high ones on our side are residential buildings”, then he passed a row of bacon drying, touched a handful, “I X, this meat”.
Soon they came face to face with two men in security uniforms walking upstairs and giving them a suspicious look. Through the corner, they exchanged a lucky look, Wu Yongning whispered, “That was a close call ah, it must be just below someone saw A clear heel security guard said”. “The security guard wasn’t scared either, was he?”
Mr. Wu appeared to have a good relationship with the two men in the video. The other person is no stranger to these actions and may even give advice.
No one has investigated what roles these people played in Mr. Wu’s long shooting experience. After Wu Yongning fell to his death, none of them ever showed their faces again.
For parents, it’s not all traces. ‘In retrospect, it was this group of people who came to look for him when he was at home on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month,’ Mr. Feng said. “They have a group of people, carrying a gift, a lot of fruit, as soon as the door came to him, said a matter, what 80,000 yuan business, can be done.” Mr. Feng, who can still call them by name, also asked what the business was, he said. ‘They sort of pulled and went upstairs to talk.’
“Someone else had him killed. He was left to die. Climb upstairs, play dead…” “Said Wu Yongning’s mother.
5
Looking back at the ending, remorse is a light thing.
There are some telltale anomalies. For example, Wu yongning always told Feng that “next year is likely to make a lot of money” and that “at least 80,000 or 100,000 yuan of investment will be made”. Then Wu Yongning and his mother said: “next year, a film company asked me to be a star, half a million a year.
Since March 2017, Wu has uploaded dangerous and challenging videos on major online platforms at the rate of almost one video a day.
Wu Yongning in his hometown busy renovation period of time, Feng Fushan went out to work, go, Wu Yongning to send him.
“I said what are you doing, he said he was making a movie, martial arts is very popular, the original 200 yuan a day, now can give 300 yuan a day. Feng Fushan later thought, if it is still an extra, Wu Yongning need not hide to them all day long, “he just doesn’t want to say more, I want to stay with him more, but to the destination, he will leave immediately. And I told him to be safe and not to ride so fast.”
There was a time when feng fushan went home and borrowed wu yongning’s mobile phone. The first few pictures of wu yongning WeChat showed him climbing a tall building. Feng had never seen anything like it before. He was surprised and asked, “What are you doing up high?” Wu Yongning answered him, that is not true, is a computer synthesis.
Feng Fushan did not ask more, but later understood that Wu Yongning some circle of friends should be blocked him.
What made him climb those tall buildings with his bare hands
In fact, at that time wu yongning has become a little famous web celebrity. His videos on Weibo have been viewed more than a million times and have gained followers on other short video platforms. He also started livestream, recording two or three hours of the climb and then cashing in on his fans’ rewards.
Parents only saw the life is slowly getting better, but did not know Wu Yongning’s life has entered the countdown, “he is going to marry wife son, home decoration, occasionally go out for a few days, he said to do odd jobs” — only Wu Yongning’s fans know that he is going to other cities to climb tall buildings.
In October 2017, Wu yongning posted a video of himself challenging tall buildings in Wuhan. But in the parents’ understanding, this trip to Wuhan, is to the son’s girlfriend’s home to propose, the whole family went, “take the money! Met the girl’s mom and dad. On that occasion, the two families also took a group photo, Wu Yongning also took a lot of photos of his girlfriend in the river, one of which was chosen as his mobile phone screensaver.
In Wuhan, Wu Yongning’s mother had a broken heel and couldn’t get a taxi because of carsickness, so she had to go to the nearest subway station. “I said I needed to take off my shoes, but he wouldn’t let me, so he carried me on his back.” Wu Yongning mother said, the son is so filial. The girlfriend “is also very good”, after the incident also came home to see several times, and then put the money back. We meet is also cry, cry after, Wu Yongning’s mother let the girl do not come again, said the heart.
6
Mr. Feng said that after Mr. Wu’s death, his family was busy with his funeral affairs, but Mr. Wu’s cellphone kept ringing. Feng fushan sees a lot of content in the new message reminder that he doesn’t understand, such as, “You haven’t updated in a few days, what works. If it hasn’t been updated, it will be taken off the shelves and fined.”
They found a lawyer in Changsha and handed over Mr. Wu’s phone. The lawyer found that Wu Yongning downloaded more than a dozen network video apps, familiar with, have never heard of, he registered account name is almost “Yongning Extreme”. Wu also wrote in detail on his weibo account that he was “the first person in China to compete in extreme altitude sports. He completed every movement without any protection and shot every challenge video carefully.”
In hindsight, only one short video App blocked Mr. Wu’s video. Wu himself wrote in the profile of the platform: “XX authorities may delete my videos and popular videos at any time… Please search on all major short video platforms for the ultimate yong Ning, the most fans is me.”
And many other short video platforms will “highlight” Wu Yongning, his video views are indeed quite considerable: in a short video platform, Wu Yongning posted a total of 244 dynamic, the last video posted 1.515 million views. In the title of the video, Mr. Wu himself writes, “Do not imitate dangerous actions,” but in the video he emphasizes that he is doing all his actions without any protection.
There was also a lot of concern from netizens: “we can’t have thumb up any more”, “we strongly demand to block this person’s account”, “I really don’t know what this is promoting” — such comments are not uncommon.
In the course of several challenges, Wu yongning also nearly had an accident. Mr. Feng said he had watched all of his son’s videos since the incident, and every now and then there were heart-wrenching images. In a short video, for example, Mr. Wu is walking on the edge of the building and suddenly twists. If he loses his footing, he will fall, but he stands still. In another video, he jumps from one height to another and appears to slip as he lands. He seems unsatisfied and immediately tries a second time.
After studying some precedents, lawyers believe that information cyberspace is also a public place, and Internet service providers, similar to traditional road, municipal and shopping mall managers, should have certain security obligations. “If the website had taken measures such as deleting, blocking and disconnecting wu Yongning’s dangerous videos, Wu Yongning would not have continued to shoot and publish them.”
But when the lawyer went to changsha Tianxin District People’s Court, where the case took place, to file a case, he was told not to accept it, on the grounds that it “does not belong to the jurisdiction of this court”. The court suggested lawyers to Wu Yongning’s domicile place ningxiang City people’s court suit, can wait until Ningxiang City people’s court, or not put on record.
Should online platforms be held liable by lawyers for the death of Wu Yongning? The issue is also controversial in the eyes of the legal profession.
Until September 9, 2018, the Beijing Internet Court was established to handle 11 types of cases involving Internet platforms. Wu yongning’s lawyer selected seven short video platforms in Beijing to file a lawsuit, and was finally told in late November 2018 that the case had been filed.
7
Before the 2019 Spring Festival, I went to Changsha with the judge to have a look at the scene of the incident. After the Spring Festival, on February 14, we went to an industrial park in Shunyi District, Beijing.
We want to find a film and television media company, because wu yongning WeChat part of the content, he and the company is closely connected. The company once invited Wu yongning to become a “monthly subscription plan user” of its video platform, sending him “1,000, 20 videos a month” and reminding him that “you should not post the same videos on different platforms”.
Also, the company’s legal representative zhang also sent to wu yongning WeChat — “brother, now you have been the chief signing talent platform, so it is easy to select. Select more settlement is higher.”
After looking around, we were told that the company is only registered here for business and does not normally work here. We went to a film and television base in Chaoyang District, and finally found the address of the legal representative zhang in an apartment. But he was not at home, the judge had no choice but to call Zhang.
“The one who died?” When the judge mentioned the name Wu Yongning, Zhang was obviously not a stranger. He stressed that he had not met wu yongning, the first is another company to recommend its small video program, “because I am familiar with their boss, they asked me to introduce some small actors, web celebrity, to the APP ‘contribute’. Then someone like a broker recommended Wu Yongning to me. I asked Wu yongning to register an account and if the video was good, the APP would reward him.”
Zhang said he is a film and television company, there are a lot of artists resources, he at that time in addition to recommend Wu Yongning, also recommended several extras, he said, he learned from the mouth of the agent is, “Wu Yongning itself is an extreme athlete, this is his personal interest.
This judgment is obviously inconsistent with the facts at the disposal of the judge and should be an alibi for Zhang to clear his responsibility.
As for the relationship between the video platform and Wu Yongning, it is the question that the judge wants to understand. Zhang said that unlike ordinary users, Wu yongning’s videos need to be recognized by the platform. “It doesn’t mean you can just upload them. After being recognized, there will be dozens of pieces of reward, which is equivalent to buying the copyright of the video,” zhang said. For Wu yongning, this income is included in the “signing talent” fee of “1,000 yuan per month”.
At WeChat, wu yongning has also complained about low fees. “I don’t know how much I should give you. I will give you as much as I give you. If I don’t earn a penny, I will quit if I am not happy.”
And, even if this 1000 yuan, wu yongning also can’t get on time — in the WeChat he urged a certain: “when will the monthly salary sign?”
In addition to packaging “monthly”, there is another profit model is live streaming. In the studio, if the audience gives Wu Yongning “a car or a flower”, they need real money to buy it, and the APP will share with Wu yongning.
According to Mingmian’s records, Wu made the most profit from a short video streaming APP — he streamed 218 times and withdrew 35,936 yuan. The rest of the platform is negligible — for example, he withdrew 175.5 yuan from a platform with 170.7 yuan in revenue.
Wu yongning also advertises. In one of his videos, he wears a certain sneaker brand to do dangerous actions, and finally puts out “buy shoes and find XXX”. The seller of the store transfers him several hundred yuan through WeChat.
Another time, a new version of the APP was put on a short video platform, and Wu Yongning was invited to promote it. When introducing him, the recommendation was — “Unremitting efforts forever, successful output of superstar”. According to the publicity plan, Wu Yongning was required to start the project by standing on the roof of the building, and the key words “XX (name of the video platform) 6.0 came online” were displayed throughout the project. After the action is completed, Wu Yongning said to the camera again: “Ask you stimulate not stimulate! Want to find more exciting, come XX6.0 with my actor Yong Ning friend!”
The reward for this promotion is 2000 yuan, which is also transferred by Zhang to Wu Yongning.
So calculate come down, although wu yongning is called web celebrity, but earn money is not much.
“As far as I know, Wu yongning fell because he was too tired,” Zhang finally said. We also advised him to pay attention to safety and stop making these dangerous videos, but later Wu yongning himself has become addicted. He doesn’t make much money as a walk-on, so he wanted to make a difference in that line.”
As Feng Fushan said, “The hearts of young people are not the hearts of our generation. Our generation is diligent and down-to-earth, and we just need to lead a stable life. However, the younger generation doesn’t think like us. Instead of working hard and down-to-earth, they just want to make money and make fast money. Think differently.”
8
That late winter afternoon, Feng Fushan sighed many times, he was a little nervous about the upcoming court case.
He acknowledged that his educational failings were culpable. He said he felt wu yongning had more of a desire to “get ahead” than his peers. “He had a rough upbringing, and his mother fell ill at 38, before he graduated. Two years later dad died again… He wants to get ahead. In fact, If I had had a little experience, I would have paid more attention to him. Isn’t it?”
But he also doesn’t understand the brutal side of the video platform — inviting and recommending his son when he becomes popular; After people died, they all said, “This is Wu Yongning’s risky move” — “Those platforms, those bosses, should be older than my son, more experienced in society, they have made the society mess.”
Wu yongning’s family eventually sued seven video platforms, four of which conducted pre-lawsuit mediation with them and reached an agreement, in which the Wu family received some compensation. Another 3 mediation fail, enter legal proceeding.
At the end of February 2019, one of the cases began in the Beijing Internet Court. At trial, the court later defined Mr Wu’s “extreme challenge” as a “dangerous activity at high altitude”, with Mr Wu climbing mostly over landmarks, which could at any time endanger public safety.
In May, the court made a first-instance judgment: “Wu Yongning himself should bear the primary responsibility for his death, and the defendant’s responsibility for Wu Yongning’s death is secondary and minor… Since the defendant platform company failed to fulfill its security obligations to Wu Yongning externally, it should bear the corresponding compensation liability for wu Yongning’s death… Compensate Wu yongning’s mother for various losses totaling 30,000 yuan.”
This sentence has more than 12000 words, in detail elaborated the reason – the defendant as a network service providers and managers, control of network activity has a certain capacity, under certain circumstances, to upload yong-ning wu dangerous action video should have ability to find screening, the harm of these video produced also should have certain ability to foresee the consequences. Therefore, take a minor and minor responsibility.
After the verdict of the first instance, the defendant company lodged an appeal.
A few days later, the court also ruled in wu yongning’s family’s lawsuit against two other companies, this time with the opposite result – the two companies were not liable and did not need to pay compensation.
One of the companies, Weibo, did not actively promote Wu yongning and did not have a video reward feature. The court said there was no evidence that the company knew or should have known about Wu yongning’s dangerous actions.
The other company is Kuaishou. It is the only platform to actively remove Wu Yongning dangerous video. The court held that this “inhibited Wu Yongning’s risky activities to a certain extent and played a certain role in avoiding the corresponding risks… Has met its security obligations.”
In the Case of Wu Yongning, several of the verdicts are long and contain a few words that the judges thought might be controversial, but which they were keen to express
“For the violation of the right to life and the right to health, it has traditionally been considered that physical contact is required to cause damage to the facts… More controversial…”
“The court holds that Internet service providers should take precautions against possible dangers arising from Internet behaviors and should have certain security obligations for Internet users when Internet behaviors have such factors as opening risks and causing damages.”
(According to The Civil Judgment no. 2386 of Beijing Internet Court (2018), Beijing 0491, early Republic of China)
Photos of Wu Yongning’s extreme altitude challenge. Photos of Wu Yongning’s extreme altitude challenge. (Wu Yongning on Weibo)
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