Leaping up, throwing wrists, repeating over and over, up and over ……6 year old fatty felt aggrieved, he did not understand why he had to get over with a rope.
“Hold on! Hold on! ” jump rope coach shouted encouragement. The next second, the little fat pier of tears immediately to come out of the eyes.
Similar scenes, in Beijing’s major communities, parks, roadside, training hall repeatedly staged, accompanied by parents anxious face, “how can you not jump it? “
In 2014, rope skipping assessment was included in the National Student Physical Fitness Standards, and then more and more provinces and municipalities included it in the secondary school examination. Under an official document, countless colorful bamboo ropes began to swing up. Students, parents, coaches, educational institutions …… they are either passive, or active, all their future tied to this rope.
I. “Too much business to be busy”
On April 8, golden light fell on a six-story orange building about a kilometer long, which is located in the Golden Resources Century Shopping Center in Haidian District, the educational highlands of Beijing, known as the “chicken mecca”. The famous “cattle school” Zhongguancun small school, three small schools, NPC Annex Primary School is only a 20-minute drive from here, around the school district housing prices more than 100,000 yuan per square meter. Even the name of the road in the last century seems to be a good match, “Yuanda Road” – meaning The future is far away.
“On this sixth floor, you can find all the children’s classes you want to take. The 33-year-old, who studied law and works in a financial institution, is used to saving for a rainy day and sold her house in Chaoyang District to replace it near Haidian Jinyuan before her child started kindergarten,” said one parent, Liu Lan. The couple planned a path for their child to attend the NPC Central School – “the best high school in the country, bar none. “
For this reason she enrolled her son in six extracurricular classes at the same time, learning English at age 3, math at age 4, and language at age 5, in addition to Lego, Go, and music classes in the Orff system. But she found that it was still not enough – her 5-year-old son had to learn to jump rope, starting from the middle kindergarten class.
Dong Lin, 37, is her son’s jump rope instructor and owns a 70-square-meter jump rope gym on the sixth floor of the shopping center. His class schedule revolves around the school hours of young children. Kindergarten is closed at 4:00 p.m. and the jump rope studio is open for business.
This evening the class is a little boy of about 6 years old, thin and big-eyed. He squirmed and grabbed the blue rope handle, very resistant, said nothing to follow Dong Lin jumping. Dong Lin stared him in the eye, “Can you stand well for a minute? “
Seeing that the child had affected the progress of other children in the class, Dong Lin lost his patience and took a video of the child and sent it to his mother.
Soon, a stylishly dressed woman hurriedly arrived. Dong Lin told her, “We can’t teach this child, either take private lessons or return the money to you. “He was not willing to waste too much time on such an uncooperative child.
As a jump rope instructor, he is not worried about the lack of students. Since the opening of the museum 4 years, Dong Lin’s jump rope hall has expanded to open 14 classes at the same time, every full 8 people new class. Interview a Saturday morning, in just ten minutes there are three parents into the museum to ask questions. Not only is Dong Lin, many of the training hall to open the jump rope course for young children are not short of students, the taekwondo hall, physical training hall on the 6th floor of the century jinyuan sound noisy, crowded, there are children in practice jump rope. Search for Beijing jump rope training institutions on the public review, can pop up 3091 results.
There are so many students that there are not enough jump rope instructors. At the beginning of April this year, the State General Administration of sports social sports center of the national young children jump rope work committee director, a jump rope training institutions founder Wu Dengke to participate in the fitness industry exhibition, witnessed the capital is to 3 to 8 years old children’s physical education direction “crowded “. Basketball, swimming, children’s dance booths in front of the crowd, but rarely see jump rope booth. “Busy to open the pavilion, training, too much business to busy, can not send coaches. “Wu Dengke said.
The “chicken mecca” to the southwest 33 kilometers away, Beijing Fangshan, here is holding a jump rope instructor certification course, by the Beijing Taekwondo Super League Organizing Committee Undertaking. A taekwondo teacher from a fourth-tier city in Jiangxi flew in specially, his hometown has no jump rope training course, he is eager to be the first to taste the crab. Together with the jump rope class is more than twenty other taekwondo instructors. They wore white taekwondo uniforms with black belts around their waists and jumped on blue and yellow mats, the rope hitting the mat, “pop, pop, pop.”
Continue back upstream, the training of jump rope instructor trainer is also “strange shortage” – Wu Dengke so Describe. The country does not exceed a hundred people, trainer Lei Fang is one of them. She is non-stop, just after teaching in Fangshan, the night will pull a blue and black suitcase to Pizhou, teach the physical education teacher there jump rope. The schedule was full, basically not home. “We also want to recruit trainers. “Lei Fang said.
Second, “160 of them.”
Dong Lin is too busy, parents inquired about the class, he did not say much, but precise to the point, straight to the pain point, “the package will be taught, (one minute jump) 160 we are written in the contract. “
“160” – he knows parents care about this. Dong Lin’s rope skipping pavilion has a standing board, elementary school physical test rope skipping scoring standards were several times magnified. The numbers on the black-and-white table come from the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students, issued by the Ministry of Education in 2014.
Once students enter first grade, the large system called the “physical test” begins to operate. The physical test includes basic conditions such as height, weight and lung capacity, as well as the physical fitness categories of 50-meter run and seated forward bend. For elementary school students, jumping rope is also one of the mandatory items.
School teachers act as “quality inspectors”, pinpointing the stopwatch, a year a test. Physical test results in addition to the individual weighted total score of 100 points, there are additional points 20 points. According to the rules, this additional score can only come from the jump rope. The final result will be 60, 80, 90 as the dividing line, divided into four levels: fail, pass, good, excellent.
The system runs at high speed and spins for 13 years in a row. From the first year of elementary school to the fourth year of university, those who are rated as good and above in the physical test will be able to participate in the merit and award evaluation, and those who are rated as excellent will be able to get the sports award credits. If they fail, they can make up the test once, and if they still fail, they will be assessed as failing for the academic year.
At the end of 2020, the Beijing Chaoyang District Education Committee selected 6,313 students from Chaoyang District Experimental Primary School, including Wang Mouran, as the third best student at the elementary school district level. To be one of the 6,313 students who will be awarded the three good grades together with Wang Mouran’s classmates, you must achieve an excellent grade in the National Student Physical Fitness Standard. This means that the total score of the physical test has to get more than 90 points.
In the first grade jump rope event, 17 jumps a minute is enough to pass, but to get the full 20 points for that single event, girls need to jump 117 and boys 109. To be more competitive and shake off the other Li and Zhang, one of the ways is to jump more, because on top of excellence, there are extra 20 bonus points for jumping rope. In other words, of the 90 points needed to score on the physical test for third-best students, you could theoretically score 40 points by jumping rope alone.
“Every 2 extra jumps, additional points, up to 20 points, 117 plus 40, make a whole number it 160,” a rope skipping coach explained The origin of “160”.
Liu Lan from colleagues know the importance of jumping rope by ear, in the child 3 years old from Decathlon bought a jump rope. Beijing Haidian has a strong atmosphere of saving class, at the beginning of this year, a parent in the community proposed to save a jump rope class, we immediately agreed to start practicing jump rope a week before the start of school.
Liu Lan and her husband respectively from Shaanxi and Shandong to the same 985 universities in Beijing, respectively, to obtain a master’s degree and a doctorate, “think (son) at least better than me. “From the time the child was very young, they took him around the top academic institutions and asked, as all parents do, “Do you like Tsinghua or Peking University? ” “Peking University. “My son, who is still in kindergarten, answered because the emblem of Peking University is red – and my son likes red.
“Study hard, it’s not that easy to go to Peking University. ” Liu Lan said to his son. Learn well, naturally, also includes jumping rope, “jump rope is the most quantitative items in the test, by training is able to train the results, good extra points. “
Therefore, in high scores and prestigious schools under the baton, you can see a lot of children because of the challenge of “160” and collapse. Some “his mother does not jump he does not jump”; some always break the rope. “Some are so angry that they throw the rope to the ground, and their fat faces turn red and they say, “Wow! ! “
Third, the selected jump rope
“Alas ……” Zhang Yimin sighed. He is a professor at Beijing Sports University, is also the 2014 “national student physical fitness standards” to develop the lead, he did not expect, jump rope will bring so much pressure on the child.
“Two hands hold the rope, whisk the ground and want to stop. “More than a thousand years ago, during the North and South Dynasties, single jump rope appeared on the Chinese land and became a courtyard game for children.
But this sport was incorporated into the national system, the reason has to go back 50 years ago. From 1979, the Ministry of Education every five years will organize a national scale of student physical fitness and health research, found that in 2000 the student’s physical quality indicators than in 1985, the conclusion is “China’s youth physical fitness is a continuous downward trend “. In order to improve the physical fitness of students, the Ministry of Education launched the “Student Physical Fitness Standards (Trial Program)” in 2002 and revised it in 2007.
In the 2002 version, rope skipping was not seen, and the 2007 version was only used as an optional test, with alternative items for first grade, including 50-meter run (25*2 folded run), standing long jump and shuttlecock. “Despite the increase in testing indicators, but due to the implementation of the optional testing system, resulting in the implementation of schools around the project testing is not uniform, the implementation is not ideal. “Zhang Yimin said that three years after the implementation of the 2007 version, the 2010 study, student fitness is still continuing to decline,” the Ministry of Education at once anxious. “
The new standard was introduced without delay. 2013, led by Zhang Yimin team, directly into the school to 130,000 students to do physical test mapping, scores made of bar graph, failing with yellow marked bright, first grade boys failed half of the jump rope, girls failed 40%, yellow blinding. Not to mention the junior high school students pull-ups, 80% of students can not do one.
Therefore, experts believe that the new standards must be able to “motivate students to exercise”. But what sports are best suited to the new standards? The process of determining is like passing a sieve.
The first hurdle: to consider the operability, relatively low requirements for sports venues and environments. Zhang Yimin has gone to some elementary school in the main city of Beijing research, five or six hundred students only two basketball courts, “a serious shortage of sports venues. Moreover, “we also do not advocate high-intensity running practice for elementary school students below the fourth grade, because the development process of children, cardiorespiratory function has not yet developed to the best state, running will increase the burden on cardiorespiratory function. “
The second hurdle: to consider the affordability of the economy. “Do step experiment, is not the family still have to buy a step ah? “And carry out jump rope, “a child three or four square meters can be, buy a jump rope the cheapest as long as three or five dollars. “
Elementary school 6 to 12 years old is a key sensitive period for the development of coordination ability, jump rope just for human movement coordination, sensitivity ability has a good exercise. So, jump rope was chosen. “Uniform, no controversy. “Zhang Yimin said.
Was determined to the standard in the length of jump rope is carefully considered, “30 seconds or less to test the speed, a minute exercise mainly to examine the child’s sustained exercise ability, can effectively exercise aerobic endurance. “The value is calculated based on the data of 130,000 students previously, the passing line is as low as only 17,” because that was the level at the time. “The choice of jump rope as an extra point, but also want to encourage” higher, faster, stronger ” the spirit of sports.
“160”, also justified. Zhang Yimin and the team sampled some Beijing, Shandong, Nanjing and other schools in the school to receive amateur training in school students, “to receive artistic gymnastics training of young girls, jump rope a minute easily can jump more than two hundred. “”We then choose the level of 70% to 80% on this basis as the goal that ordinary children can pursue. “But he stressed that this number is set “not to make the student reach 160, but to make him jump rope regularly “.
However, this seemingly perfect system once introduced, but gradually deviated from the original intention of Zhang Yimin, out of control alienation. 160 has become the “pinnacle” that parents are scrambling to. The company’s main goal is to provide the best possible service to its customers.
In 2019, Shanghai carried out sports reform in the Chinese examination, will be 4 minutes to jump rope into the assessment. Later, Wu Dengke to participate in a semi-official nature of a mock Chinese physical test in Shanghai, found many parents with 6, 7-year-old children in the side to observe, “want to see what the Chinese test “.
According to incomplete statistics, as of this year, there have been 44 provinces and cities will be jumping rope into the Chinese examination mandatory and optional test items, in Kunming, Yunnan, sports score up to 100 points, and language, mathematics and English on par. 2020, the Ministry of education, sports, health and arts education department director Wang Dengfeng said, school sports in the examination to increase the value year by year, to reach the same level of points with the language, mathematics and foreign.
Such information quickly fed into the jump rope industry chain, becoming a consistent set of words. Trainers and trainers say, trainers and parents say, parents and children say. And the child, there is little say.
Fourth, “none of them can jump”
Spring Festival, in the Donglin jump rope hall with lessons of the trainer back home, talking about the work in Beijing, the family relatives look puzzled, “what, jump rope still need to teach? Too much money, burn it? “
If this question is thrown to a sitting in the jump rope hall rest area of the old man, the answer is undoubtedly – “is really can not jump na! “67-year-old old man worried, eyebrows wrinkled into a heap.
Every weekend, he will take his grandson Fu Ge’er in the first grade to practice rope skipping. To the park to find an open space, practice for half a day, but Fu Ge’er a can not jump, always card rope. The old man because when he was in school broke the school sprint 100 meters record, 11 seconds 08, was recognized by the family most athletic talent, but he made every effort, but still can not teach Fu Ge’er. In the end can only get angry and scare, “you want to be able to jump over two, we will go home, otherwise you will jump here by yourself. “
It was dark and windy, and Fu Ge’er was scared and screaming. “Finally, the rope is put on the ground, jump over even. “The old man can not help,” but the neighbor’s little girl can jump dozens of ah at a time “.
A jump will and a jump on the waste is precisely the poles of children jump rope. Wu Dengke explained, if the coordination is good, from crawling, running, jumping, a regular movement of children to about 6 years old, is natural to acquire jump rope skills; if from childhood crawl less, walking with a walker, not too much movement, it may how to teach can not be taught. “Is the skill, coordination problems, or muscle strength problems, have to be the right medicine. “
But how to prescribe the right medicine, was angry at the edge of the heart attack parents are not clear. Wu Denke has seen two types: “only move the mouth type” – “hand flung over, pop on the end of it! “Adults do not understand, the child did not jump over a ten minutes. Another category, “hands-on demonstration type” – “Look at me jumping like this, follow! Why are you so stupid? “encountered this, Wu Dengke cried and laughed,” he can jump with you, then you cattle, you put the world champion video to him, he immediately became the world champion? “
Not only parents will not teach, many school teachers will not. In Beijing Fangshan’s early childhood jump rope coaching course, 28-year-old Wang Shilin came all the way from Guangdong. She entered the public elementary school as a physical education teacher in 2015, when the latest version of the National Student Physical Fitness Standards had been implemented, she knew that the students had to take the jump rope test and teach jump rope themselves. But she graduated with a degree in taekwondo, and although several sports are covered in physical education, such as badminton, basketball, and even singles, she just hadn’t taken a special jump rope class.
She tried to recall how she would jump rope as a child, “is to play, but how many a minute can jump, how to raise up, how to cope with the jump rope test, we will not. “With confusion, she searched the Internet “how to teach jump rope “, “pop out all will jump”.
Confused not only she alone, her entire school are in the feel jump rope teaching, even the most suitable for young children to use bamboo rope are several semester repeatedly feel feedback to determine. Can jump does not mean know the details, children feedback rope is long, “I know to get short, but do not know how short to get? ” “Should I clench my arms or put them down naturally? Use your arms to draw a circle or use your wrists? ” “I take five classes, each class of 50 students, I can not one person, that is 250 people can not. “
One summer, including Wang Shilin, more than two hundred physical education teachers in the district organization, to observe a jump rope open class. The class was for junior high school students, students stood in a row, one person stood in front, one person stood behind to fling the rope, set over the previous person to jump together, set out the pattern.
“It is performing,” Wang Shilin said, for this class, private students do not know how many times to practice. And only forty students participated in the public class, leaving those who were naughty or couldn’t dance to rest on the sidelines. The selected students are all disciplined, get the rope, folded and placed behind them, “We usually have more than 50 people in class, students are so well behaved? Take to fling around ah. “
In Wang Shilin’s opinion, this kind of open class does not have reference value and is by no means the norm for her first grade PE class. The first five days of the class were spent in the classroom. “After proficiency, the first five minutes to line up, do preparatory exercises, teach jump rope, relax, count up the complete teaching jump rope time can only have fifteen minutes. The whole semester’s teaching task is not only jumping rope, running, basketball have to be involved. She calculated that the whole class of 52 to 55 children, “the average to each child is not enough thirty seconds. “
Her class students jump rope level, polarization is serious, more than 50 people, a dozen can jump a minute can jump a hundred, will not jump a dozen, “that is a can not jump. “
Five, wealth code
Jump rope level of the difference and the lack of teaching in school, into parents another anxiety, and eventually become the wealth code of Dong Lin. The current Beijing rope skipping training market, a small class of about 8 people market pricing in about 200 yuan, if it is a private lesson is 400 yuan, or even up to thousands of dollars.
The way to discover the wealth code is too accidental. Dong Lin was previously doing construction industry, one day, his wife enrolled his 6-year-old daughter in a rope skipping class, he felt strange, followed his daughter to a few classes, “think the project is quite good, a brain on the decision “, in 2017, he cooperated with people in Haidian opened the first jump rope hall.
Wu Dengke, on the other hand, regarded the entry into the jump rope industry as a bet. There is an assertion in the market that when the GDP per capita exceeds 10,000 U.S. dollars, the sports industry will definitely take off, and when the material conditions of the nation become better, they will definitely pay more attention to physical health. He came from a marketing background, dead set on this line. 2016, he switched tracks, founded a jump rope training institution, both training coaches, but also training children.
“That year, the jump rope coaches training establishment is running to the competition, but kindergarten children jump rope to talk about the competition, zero basis how to teach? “Wu Dengke said,” must be fun, gamification. “
In the world of young children, jumping rope is not a single action, but a series of combinations of actions. “Break it down, refine it, and refine it some more. “Lei Fang explained how to teach young children to jump rope, first practice feet, hands crossed waist or natural placement, feet and feet jump, jump rhythm; then practice hands, large arms naturally down near the body, small arms slightly abducted, hands hold rope and toe direction perpendicular, small arms drive wrist rotation force shaking rope, palm facing forward;. Finally the combination of the two, if the children can not find a sense of rhythm, can be led by adults with parent-child dance. If you can not, and then split refinement.
But in reality, “sports professional athletes do not know much about education, people who simply engage in education do not know much about sports, kindergarten teachers do not know the training methods. “These people are the target customers of Wu Dengke company.
He calculated that the country’s school-age jump rope children are estimated at 100 million people, one percent of which may be on the club training courses, need to have professional jump rope skills of at least 100,000 coaches, but now the club, with or without a certificate coaches are counted, “estimated only 10,000. “Since this year, the number of people enrolled in coaching courses has doubled compared to two years ago.
The cake is getting bigger and more people are eager to get in. 40-year-old Fan Xinmin opened a taekwondo gym in Fangshan, and he always delves into sports policy documents with interest, familiar with the various rules for the inclusion of physical tests in the big national narrative, “Document 46 “”Sports school integration” Words like “one school, one product” popped out of his mouth in rapid succession.
Since last year, there are always parents who bring their children to taekwondo to find him and ask if they can teach jump rope. This year, he frequently saw videos of teachers teaching kids to jump rope on ShakeYin. The wind has been calling, Fan Xinmin hosted a jump rope instructor training course for young children specifically for taekwondo people.
“Chinese parents are exam-oriented parents who will not let their children fall behind in any exam scores. “Fan Xinmin firmly believes in his vision, “We will do whatever school sports need. Taekwondo gym is just a service platform. “
He envisioned a bright future, such for taekwondo clubs jump rope coaching training courses, this year the country is expected to go 40 stations. Beijing has held two, Fan Xinmin would like to run two more. When asked whether there will be a lot of people enrolled, he nodded with certainty.
At the beginning of this year, the Guangzhou station of the training course, trainer Lei Fang saw that a female trainee always dodged the eyes of others, jumping while turning her body sideways and her buttocks towards the unoccupied glass door. She paid attention to observe and found that the trainee had a yellowish stain on her white pants. Private chat only to know that the cadet just gave birth not long ago, because the physiological function has not yet recovered, jump rope action led to the leakage of urine.
“Why not wait? ” asked Lei Fang.
“If we are one step behind others, we will lose a lot of students. “Lei Fang remembered the female trainees said, to seize this opportunity to get ahead of others.
At the end of the three-day training, the exam consisted of showing a section of the rope skipping routine drill. “90% of them can pass. “Lei Fang said.
“Can three days train a good jump rope instructor? “
“No,” Wu Dengke’s answer was very straightforward. “Just some skin, or some theory, but also to practice. “
Sixth, “No, that does not test”
Dong Lin’s jump rope pavilion next to a few brown and white kittens, fluffy, all day long eat and sleep and eat, jump rope coach walked by, glanced at, “cats are more comfortable than the children now. “Looking at the children in the pavilion jumping hard, Dong Lin also could not help but feel,” the pressure is too much. “However, he quickly convinced himself with another set of logic,” sympathy can not talk, because they want to become better, certainly pay more than others. “
“I think I’m going crazy. “Sitting not far away, a parent with children to practice jump rope said. In the eyes of others, her child is already a “cow child”, the first in the regular class, piano grade 5, black pipe with the Chinese master of the black pipe, language, mathematics and English are enrolled in Two classes, every day the child is so busy that there is no time to dwell, “but why am I still not sure? “
“I can’t be left behind,” says more than one parent. From the beginning of sending children to kindergarten, they are sent to an assembly line, follow the forward, what is ahead, it is not clear, but if you stop, you may be eliminated.
In such anxiety, jump rope low age limit is being constantly challenged, even a friend with a two-year-old child to find Wu Dengke practice jump rope, Wu Dengke refused, “do not rush, two or three years old to do what two or three years old to do. “He asked the other side in turn, the child before walking, did not let him crawl? Was he also in a hurry to get him to walk? “Then you are finished, the child coordination is not well practiced. “The other party at once more anxious.
In Zhang Yimin’s view, from the first grade to learn to jump rope is also too late, the first grade first to reach passing standards, the second grade and then see if you can get to 70 points, 80 points, “a gradual process. “He also does not recommend training time is too long,” children’s muscle strength is poor, the protection of the knee is low, long jump will hurt the knee. “Three to five groups a day, each group according to the child’s physical ability to determine the number can be.
But the reality is often the opposite. Elementary school first grade will generally be in the second month after the start of the physical test, many children with weak foundation will be two months in advance of the daily practice jump rope. Under pressure, jumping rope becomes no longer pure, the fluctuation of the number of children’s mood, some children see jumping rope will be nervous, fearful, suffering from loss. Wang Shilin met a 6-year-old girl who pretended to be sick whenever she practiced skipping rope in PE class, covering her stomach and reporting, “Teacher, my stomach hurts. “
In addition to rope skipping, Liu Lan also enrolled her child in soccer classes, but her son did not like it, each time to keep running for two hours, he felt tired, and his mother complained, “I do not want to go anymore. “
“No way. “Liu Lan refused very crisply. She knows that the NPC Affiliated Primary School has its own soccer team, and if the child can be selected after school, “by sports specialties, it will help in the primary school. “The neighbor’s child, just last year to the NPC Annex Primary School was selected to the swim team, “because he already knows two strokes in advance. “
In this competitive mechanism, no one can see where the end is. Zhang Yimin frankly said, if the children jump rope level generally improved, then in the future and then revise the new standard, 160 this number theoretically also to rise.
The price of jump rope also rose. When the jump rope was selected for one of the reasons is the price is low, but now randomly search for children’s special jump rope, some prices hundreds of thousands.
Zhang Yimin and parents talk was asked, “why sports to have additional points, to 120 points, is not to increase the burden on children? “He replied,” language and mathematics to test 120 and 150, do not you think his burden is even heavier? If physical education is not strengthened for the test, really no one will pay attention to it. “He felt there was no way out. In April this year, a survey data on the physical health of more than 1.15 million school students showed that from 2016 to 2020, the physical health of students nationwide is indeed improving, and the “failure rate ” is basically on a downward trend.
Can only test-taking be used to solve the problem of sports? “I’m not sure,” I asked.
“Yes, for now. ” replied Zhang Yimin.
Back to the scene at the beginning of the article, after receiving Dong Lin’s video, the mother of the little boy who did not want to learn to jump rope came in a hurry, the little boy hugged his mother, the tone of reluctance:.
“I don’t want to learn to jump rope, I want to learn roller skating. “
“No, that does not test. “
At the request of the interviewee, Dong Lin, Liu Lan, Wang Shilin, Fu Ge’er is a pseudonym
Author: Liang Jingyi, Editor: Wang Jingyi, Operations Editor: Xiao Quak
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