To the brothers insiders or amateurs to popularize the sulfuric acid self-help!
Whether it is concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid, if there are only a few drops on your hands, the correct way to deal with it is to flush with a lot of water as quickly as possible!
Whether it is tap water from the faucet or deionized water for washing bottles.
The disposal of a large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid splashed on the work clothes in the workshop is to immediately take off all the clothes, underwear and underwear off, and then flush the body naked with a water hose!
If a large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid (95%) or more, a large amount of direct splash to a large area of the skin, you have any non-toxic liquid around you to rush, water is okay, ethanol is okay, cooking oil is okay.
In a nutshell, the most critical thing is to dilute the concentration of sulfuric acid and shorten the contact time of sulfuric acid and skin!
Not so live!
The pitfall is that so far the textbooks are written to dip into the concentrated sulfuric acid first to find a rag to wipe the end of the flush or sulfuric acid in water exothermic will burn the skin, in fact, sulfuric acid put the point of heat in a large number of water impact has long been taken away!
On the contrary, if you do not immediately flush with water and realize to find a rag, the valuable rescue time is wasted, but will cause great damage to the human body!
The other day I was arguing with a master’s degree in chemistry about this matter, he firmly believed that the sulfuric acid splash to wipe first, I told him clearly that this is wrong, just take a lot of water to flush!
Alas, to do one’s best, ah, many times is a thought, a life ah!
I once saw with my own eyes concentrated sulfuric acid directly splashed face, the person’s face on the spot white, just like bathing fingers in the water for a long time, and then very quickly, it is black, that is dehydrated charred.
Finally the man died.
What was that all about?
In fact, things did not happen in my former unit, but for the convenience of description, let the former unit take the blame for me!
Before the Spring Festival, the factory had to gradually shut down production, our jargon is called parking.
The first to stop is the equipment, then a supporting pipeline, then water and electricity, and then the boiler.
Once the boiler is stopped, it’s basically a holiday.
Then, take advantage of the Spring Festival holiday to start a year of maintenance.
The coming year, the resumption of production, our jargon called driving.
Before driving, you have to test drive.
It happened in the test drive stage.
A section found the machine repair, said there is a section of pipe blocked, let them come to see.
It was a section of composite pipe with a total length of 30cm.
Then the mechanic, who was new, started to dismantle it without measuring whether it was under pressure or not.
I reminded him, I said first test with or without pressure.
The new guy was pretty cool, he said directly to me back: “Or you do it?”
After all, I’m the tech, he’s the mechanic, so listen to him.
I want to know that this is the last 15min of his life, I have to let him test a pressure!
To detect whether the pipeline is under pressure is to close both ends of the pipeline and use a probe to drill a very, very small, almost invisible hole in the pipeline to see whether there is material inside the blocked pipeline, whether there is gas, and whether it is under pressure, a kind of security inspection.
If the pipeline is under pressure, it is easy to splash and cause damage during the maintenance.
Then the mechanic found that the buckle inside the pipe had rusted, the pipe pliers could not be unscrewed, so he used a hacksaw to start sawing that section of the pipe.
In fact, this is a normal operation.
Chemical plant pipeline often rusted, are directly sawed off, and then replaced with a new one.
But, that time is different!
I was standing next to the young man less than a meter away, I was next to the section chief, at that time I had not saved his life, so he was a dick to me.
The young man sawed and sawed the tube suddenly cracked, and then a black liquid spurted out of it.
We all thought it was pipe oil or organic solvent.
But the young man screamed, his face suddenly turned white in a few seconds.
It is the kind of hand soaked in water for a long time, with folds of the kind of white.
At that time I did not react to what is.
The time was too short.
Again then, just a few dozen seconds of work, the young man’s whole face began to turn yellow-red-brown-brown-black, when I reacted.
Shouted a concentrated sulfuric acid!
Quickly save people!
Everyone rushed to him, looking for the plant’s infirmary.
But it was already too late.
A human life, just like that, was lost!
At that time, my pants were also covered with concentrated sulfuric acid.
I didn’t even know that afterwards, one pair of pants and one pair of shoes were finished.
That was the first time since I started working in the chemical industry that I saw a work-related death up close!
I still remember clearly the face of the young man after his disfigurement!
That’s terrible!
In the former unit of work for six years, witnessed two incidents of acid injuries.
Once a death, is the sulfuric acid splashed face, is the one above, this is no solution, the best result is also disfigurement, death is also the opposite of relief!
There was another time, sulfuric acid kettle tank with alkaline water neutralization (solution is concentrated sulfuric acid), drop add 60% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to neutralize.
A spurt of material occurred!
Five hundred liters of reactor, the product mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid sprayed out directly from the feed port.
As a technician, I was in charge on site, and six workers (including one section leader, one shift leader, and four workers), all seven of us were sprayed with a large amount of sulfuric acid.
On our clothes and hair. (With a full-proof mask, the face is fine)
Six of us undressed on the spot and used the inlet pipe (deionized water, used to do the reaction washing kettle) to flush nearby.
It was November and we were wearing thicker clothes.
But even so, when rinsed with cool water, I felt a special slippery feeling on my skin!
All six of us were fine, nothing happened at all, and we had no skin allergies.
Of course, afterwards all shaved plate inches, hair can not want.
But, one died!
Four operators have a woman!
Sister shy embarrassed in front of so many big men to strip naked, ran to the women’s toilet to strip naked, wash the toilet with tap water rinse.
Run from the workshop to the women’s toilet time will not exceed three minutes.
On this, it is already too late.
Flush with water, the skin is a large piece of shedding, no carbonization, is white, especially white, dehydrated, and then fall off.
Inside the blood flowing clamor!
The elder sister called for help, and people nearby took her to the hospital, where she died on the way.
After that incident, I spoke almost a word in that workshop!
Up to the workshop director down to the ordinary operators, listen to everything, absolutely no one questioned my instructions.
With me a piece of life and death of the section, never call me life saver not call me Shi Gong or Xiao Shi.
At that time I took off, while ordering six workers are off, big sister embarrassed to run out I simply do not know, but also can not care, I took off their own hands and feet, a worker fire strong wearing less, young thin-skinned, want to wear underwear wash, was I directly scolded, I told him, want to live on all off!
The rest of the few are old workers, know the importance of the light, without instructions to take off a clean.
And then we six big men bare asses in the cold water, November ah!
Cold to death, but a rush to find out that something is wrong.
The body is hot, and especially slippery!
The other workers in the workshop also led over the hose to help us flush together!
The one who refused to take off his underwear, a few minutes later his penis would have been rotten!
We hadn’t finished rinsing it, and there was chaos outside, saying that big sister was covered in blood.
At that time, the child wearing underwear refused to take off his face changed.
By the time Big Sister was carried from our workshop doorway, it was unbearable and no one looked like it.
At that time to me to wash, are cold!
Just stop!
Do not dare to stop ah!
Finally, hands and feet are completely frozen wood, really can not wash, only to stop.
Well, I had a cold and fever for two days afterwards, but Contec plus Tong Ren Tang cold and fever, I soon got better.
In those two days, I learned what happened to my elder sister, and I felt a sense of sympathy.
Alas ……
Eight, about this “sulfuric acid bath” accident because many of my old and new friends are asking why this is so?
When I said I signed a confidentiality agreement, it has now expired.
This thing is a coating, used in the plateau area radar and other equipment surface anti-rust coating, the requirement is to be able to extend the life of the radar, but also to ensure the performance of the radar (ordinary paint will interfere with the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar), this thing actually has a foreign, but not sold to us, we can only engage in their own.
The solvent can only use sulfuric acid, nothing else can, although it is very dangerous, but belong to the things must do so.
Although declassified, I can not say too fine, but things are indeed true.
First of all, the scale of that reaction is five hundred liters of Beitang’s enameled reactor, six-hole kettle cover, respectively, CNC thermometer, four fluorine high level tank (50 liters), glass cooling tower (double coils), sight glass (double), the inlet.
The two feedstocks for the reaction, A and B, are both solids and both carry inorganic metal element groups.
The only solvent that can dissolve them and allow the reaction to proceed is sulfuric acid.
Oh, 95% concentrated sulfuric acid.
To produce a batch of material, the volume of solvent required is 200 liters and the weight is 360 kg.
The total mass of raw materials A and B is over 100 kg.
So the whole reactor is relatively full.
The reaction temperature is also relatively high, actually allowing one of the raw materials to melt before the reaction can start.
Let’s not talk about the reaction time with all due respect, but let’s talk about the post-processing.
The post-processing of this project is very peculiar.
It is the hot, 60% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is slowly added dropwise into the reaction kettle, but of course before the dropwise addition, the kettle needs to be cooled down to about -15°C by ice brine circulation.
The purpose is to adjust the PH value to 2-14, that is, only the PH does not need to be 1, and that’s it.
The amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution required I will not say, said this you will be able to deduce the amount of sulfuric acid consumption, and then reverse the deduction of AB is what, believe me, although out of the confidentiality period, but there is a patent protection period it, know too much bad hehehe.
It was November, Beijing was colder, and the workshop was colder (there were high-powered exhaust fans up and down, and electric fans blowing and blowing next to them).
So the director and I are rather tired.
During the routine inspection, I found that there was a slight drip in the cut-off door of the reactor linked to the high level tank, so I discussed with the director and said, “Should we change the cut-off door?
The director looked at it and said, “Shi Gong, it’s only leaking a little, don’t change it, right? When the time comes, we slow down a little drip, it is also possible.
I thought about it and agreed, the big deal is that the cutoff door is not open, let it so slowly leak, the speed is actually quite appropriate.
This reaction I have done before, the reconciliation is very dangerous, a little faster on the trouble, but the subtle leakage in industrial amplification is indeed not a big deal, many leaks as long as no harm to the overall progress and safety of the project does not affect, but also generally do not go to repair.
Although I know that leakage is a hidden problem, need to rectify, but the reality is that a large industrial production system, it is impossible to stop because of a little leakage to be repaired, the problem is not big, it will make up.
Because there is a schedule for the project, the loss to the company caused by the delay would be very large.
I know it is dangerous to add water to the concentrated sulfuric acid, but this project has its own special characteristics, with the drop process, a large number of solid precipitation, the system as a whole is very sticky, sulfuric acid is adsorbed and wrapped in the solid, in general, the final system will form a paste, there is no danger of boiling and spraying material.
After the PH to 2, a new raw material (liquid) will be added, this time it is not dangerous at all.
We have to do a project risk assessment for industrial scale-up projects, and the situation you are worried about will not occur if you operate normally.
As I said, all chemical accidents boil down to irregularities, and the one I encountered was no exception.
According to the rules, a cut-off door drip should have been reported first, but I didn’t.
Then it was time to cool down to -15°C and start slowly dripping sodium hydroxide from the high level tank.
As the hot lye flowed through the leaking shut-off door, the rate of leakage became faster and faster. (I judged afterwards that the hot lye had softened the shut-off door and made the aperture of the drip larger)
When we closed the door completely, we found that the leakage was still going on, and the speed had exceeded the maximum speed specified by the process.
The temperature inside the kettle was soaring at a very fast rate.
At this point I made an immediate decision to organize an evacuation, asking all the operators on the 2nd floor to evacuate immediately and those on the 1st floor to evacuate immediately.
But I, the director, the shift manager, the main operator (lead operator) and two apprentices, we were too close to the kettle to evacuate before we could.
The kettle was already spewing material.
But although I was not wearing an acid-proof chemical suit, I was wearing a 3M full-face (full-face protective gas mask), and the other directors, shift supervisors, lead operators, and apprentices were also wearing full-face.
The only sister who died in this accident was in charge of cleaning on the first floor, and she was not wearing a protective mask. The first wave of sulfuric acid erupted the furthest and splashed all over her.
It also splashed all over us, who were closest to the reactor.
I did not continue to order the evacuation after the spraying material splashed my body, but ordered to find a water source nearby, remove all the clothes and rinse the whole body with the largest amount of water.
So the six of us on the 2nd floor of each reactor by the water pipe to start rushing.
At this time, although the elder sister in the first floor heard my instructions, but she did not follow them, but because of embarrassment in front of the big man stripped naked and chose to run to the workshop outside the toilet inside to take off clothes.
But at that time I could not care less about where the big sister on the 1st floor actually went.
They are unable to take care of themselves.
When we flush with cold water, the reactor still continues to spray material, but because the pressure is not enough, so the spray is not far, we did not cause secondary damage.
As for the heat and slippery feeling on my body, I still don’t think it was caused by the sodium hydroxide, because the amount of sodium hydroxide added in drops was very small, and I was wearing more than one layer of clothes.
It was definitely concentrated sulfuric acid seeping in.
Someone said he personally experienced that sulfuric acid permeates a pair of jeans in one second, I think this permeation rate is real.
Because the speed of sulfuric acid penetration at that time is basically that fast.
And then, we hear the sound of people outside, the noise of horses and cars, say something happened, dead people.
Then again, we saw a very large white cloth (afterwards know is a 2X2 filter cloth) wrapped around a person, white cloth are red through, the man’s arms drooping, the skin above the ghastly white, and are rotten.
Four or five people carrying this white cloth ran through the door of our workshop and disappeared.
The rest of us immediately began to recklessly continue to rush!
Keep rushing.
Anyway, I was directly to the numbness and cold until I could not hold the water pipe to stop.
When my hair all ruined, soft, and issued a special smell, directly shaved bald.
Clothes and pants are all ruined.
And because of the cold, cold and fever for several days, every day a large number of pills to eat to suppress.
At that time, I ran out of the workshop naked, ran across the driveway, and ran directly into the warehouse to find a set of work clothes to wear out.
The factory was in chaos, so if I waited for someone to get me clothes, I could have frozen to death.
In the whole incident, my reaction was the most correct, and it was because of my correct handling after the accident, the damage was reduced to a minimum, and the number of deaths was limited to one, otherwise it would have been seven of us who died together.
So although in the drip phenomenon I did not report the existence of fault in time to repair, but the merits and demerits, will not be pursued.
The final result for my sister was that the company paid her family $800,000 in cash.
Additional insurance claims are counted separately.
When sent to the funeral home to sort out the remains, the makeup artist was scared soft.
In the end, the remains were not organized, could not be organized, people directly burned.
That’s the whole story of what happened.
Many of you should be able to solve all your questions, right?
This incident is relatively famous in the whole chemical system, and many enterprises’ safety training will talk about this case.
As a chemical worker, it is important to have basic professional ethics.
Finish writing.
Feel free to ask questions.
Safety in production is more important than a mountain.
Nine, “a letter to the skeptics
I have a few words to say in advance.
First, I hope you question why people die that should not have died!
Instead, did they really die? Is this thing true?
Because if the latter is the case, in my opinion, is a desecration of the dead, as well as ignoring the riskiness of chemical accidents.
Then, there is no need for us to continue the discussion.
For the majority of skeptics, then let’s lay all the issues on the table, one by one.
Let’s start with a toxicological analysis of the causes of the two deadly sulfuric acid paper accidents.
Here I must mark my attitude, that is, sulfuric acid is indeed not so dangerous, regardless of sulfuric acid wash face, or sulfuric acid bath, in the vast majority of cases, are not dead, if handled in time, disfigurement will not.
Whether it is chemical or chemical, sulfuric acid is not considered a dangerous raw material.
This, the skeptics are correct in their understanding.
But, as I said you are not professional, there is my reasoning.
The largest branch of toxicology is forensic toxicology, to do a toxicological cause of death report by the legal force of the two most important points are.
The nature of the poison.
The scene is restored.
The questioners for the dehydration of sulfuric acid, strong oxidation, strong acidity of knowledge is very standard, is completely copied from the books, but in the theory combined with practice, you still have a certain deficiency, this should be strengthened.
Although the culprit of the two sulfuric acid fatal accidents is sulfuric acid, there are two other important reasons that I feel you don’t seem to realize.
1 The sulfuric acid splashing surface is sulfuric acid with pressure, and the sulfuric acid bathing is high temperature sulfuric acid.
2 both accidents have serious irregularities.
If the sulfuric acid in these two accidents was not under pressure and the temperature was not high.
And if our response was accurate and timely, no one would have died at all.
Even if it was pressurized sulfuric acid or high temperature sulfuric acid, there is a high possibility that no one would have died if we had been able to respond accurately and in a timely manner.
Therefore, considering the above, the reason why the mechanic and the elder sister died, sulfuric acid itself with special characteristics and our improper response is directly responsible.
Here, the toxicological properties of sulfuric acid itself is not so important.
Because the other, it is just as likely to die.
I could see the side of the mechanic at that time, after being splashed with the black liquid inside the pipeline, my first judgment was the oil, so at that time, although the mechanic was screaming, I did not care, or chatting with the director. Because I was also splashed by the dirty oil, is quite painful.
The mechanic wiped his face directly with his sleeve and continued to saw.
Oh yeah, he was wearing goggles, so it didn’t splash into his eyes.
Some people say why the sulfuric acid is black?
Here I want to explain, that is, the industrial use of tin barrels with 95% sulfuric acid itself is gray translucent, and laboratory analysis of pure colorless transparent or slightly yellow is very different.
And then after a winter in the line of pollution, black is normal.
I have seen a lot of black colored concentrated sulfuric acid that looks very similar to motor oil.
By the time I noticed that something was wrong, the mechanic’s scream had turned into a scream, which was clearly not the pain that could be caused by oil splashing in the face.
It was then that I realized that the mechanic had covered her face and rolled around on the ground.
I went over and forcibly broke her hand to find that the face and neck of all colors, the so-called white-yellow-orange-red-brown-black is the meaning.
But at that time I just entered this line.
Was immediately stunned!
Afterwards I do not know how long I froze, but the director told me that about half a minute.
The workshop side would have had no idea what to do with it, none of them knew anything about chemistry, and the average education was junior high school, so they had no idea what was going on with a mechanic’s face full of burns.
By the time I reacted and had them sent away, it was too late, so to speak.
But what was the cause of death, I’m not sure, if I had to guess, I think it was blood acidosis.
The PH of human blood is healthy at 7-7.3, higher than 7.3 and lower than 7 can cause blood poisoning, and death from blood poisoning is quick. I remember that less than 6 grams of concentrated sulfuric acid into the blood can change the blood PH value to cause death.
Not to mention the pressure of sulfuric acid with pressure at the time is how much I do not know.
It is likely that the pressure is very high directly break the skin into the vascular microcirculation to change the acidity of the blood, so the death is so fast.
Let’s talk about the next big sister.
That time is high temperature sulfuric acid, how high is the temperature?
In fact, I do not know, I only know that when I ordered the evacuation, the temperature in the kettle per second increased by about 15-20 ℃.
At that time the CNC thermometer was just over 0 ℃.
I suggest to the skeptics that you do an experiment like this, find a 500ml four-mouth flask, fill it with 300ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, then under mechanically stirred conditions, add 60% hot aqueous sodium hydroxide dropwise into it, then fix a few mice around the reaction.
You stand at a safe distance away and make observations.
This way you can get first-hand information.
Most importantly you can get how long it takes for the high temperature sulfuric acid to how large a quantity is needed to kill the mice.
I don’t think it was a deliberate oversight on the part of the skeptics who didn’t see it, I think it was an oversight on your part.
For example, I got a copy of the process with the intention of repeating it.
The things to consider are
1 the amount of material to be fed
2Stirring rate
3 Amount of solvent
4 environment
But these, small trials are basically not considered, industry has the characteristics of industry, such as stirring, anchor type, rod type, cross type difference is very big.
Everything else is right, stirring can not, the project will also be a problem.
But small trial, basically mixing from not a problem.
For example, the environment, in the northeast can make the chemical project, get to Sichuan to do amplification will be a problem. Because of the humidity, because of the temperature.
So, just copy the toxicology of sulfuric acid, without taking into account the site of the accident and the conclusion reached, in fact, is not comprehensive.
Why is the greatest application of toxicology in the field of forensics?
Because forensic medicine does the scene, and toxicology cannot actually exist apart from the scene.
And your so-called orthodox toxicology does not take into account the symptoms, in fact, is a very unprofessional words.
Well, that’s all I have to say for now.
If you have any more questions, feel free to share them.
However, if you question the veracity of the event itself, then there is no need to continue.
Then this post is my final statement.
With best regards
Salutations
Seven
Recent Comments