After the FOUNDING of the COMMUNIST Party of China (CPC) in 1949, the chairman of the Central People’s Government was initially set up, and the chairman of the State began to be set up in 1954. To 1966, MAO Zedong and Liu Shaoqi successively served as the “Central People’s Government” or the president of the State, and the vice-chairmen successively included Zhu De, Soong Ching Ling, Li Jishen, Zhang LAN, Gao Gang and Dong Biwu. From 1966 to 1975, the post of President remained vacant for a long time due to the persecution of liu Shaoqi, who had served as president. From the beginning of 1975 to December of 1982, there was no president because the presidency was officially abolished during this period, which was not reinstated until the end of 1982.
In the eyes of the world, as the president and vice president of the Communist Party of China, they have enormous power and can do things that ordinary people cannot do and enjoy a life that ordinary people cannot expect. How could they or their families be imprisoned or even threatened with death? However, on the contrary, the chairman’s identity is not a safe, without any legal protection of China, in addition to the lawless, trying to remove party rival of MAO zedong, in addition to be Mao Bao and early death Li Jishen Zhang Lan, more or less, chairman of the country and was persecuted by MAO and the communist party of China, some even lost their lives. It may be described separately. As Zhu De had been introduced in “The Ten Persecuted Marshals of the Communist Party”, this article refers to Liu Shaoqi, Soong Qingling, Gao Gang and Dong Biwu.
On: Liu Shaoqi
MAO launched the Cultural Revolution against Liu Shaoqi
Liu Shaoqi, a leading member of the first generation of Communist Party leadership, was president from April 1959 to 1966, the second most powerful man after MAO. As the contradictions between MAO and Liu became increasingly acute during the “Four Qing Movements” that began in the early 1960s, MAO was no longer satisfied with “making up and making up”, but instead planned and launched the “Cultural Revolution” in the hope of killing Liu Shaoqi.
In this regard, many scholars of The History of the Communist Party have long reached a consensus that MAO launched the Cultural Revolution mainly aimed at “the whole party on the capitalist road of the establishment,” represented by Liu Shaoqi.
In May 1966, the Cultural Revolution broke out and the Red Guard movement plunged China into chaos. In the early years of the Cultural Revolution, Liu shared MAO’s position on some issues, saying, “We support Chairman MAO now, and we will support Chairman MAO a hundred years from now. For MAO Zedong Thought to continue, chairman MAO’s works should become textbooks for the whole nation, a guide to action for the entire people, and a guide to action for all Party members…”
However, in dealing with some of the specific issues of the Cultural Revolution, the two sides conflict one after another. In June 1966, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping organized a working group to be stationed in universities and middle schools, and students were prohibited from marching and Posting big-character posters. MAO was so annoyed that he ordered the working group to be dismissed.
At the 11th Plenary Session of the 8th CPC Central Committee in August of that year, the CPC Central Committee adopted the decision on the Great Cultural Revolution of the Proletariat. MAO directed his “gun-toting bourgeois headquarters” directly at Liu Shaoqi, and his position as the party’s no. 2 official was replaced by Lin Biao, who remained on the Politburo Standing Committee but dropped in rank and was no longer mentioned as the party’s vice chairman. At an expanded meeting of the Politburo on Oct. 16, Liu was criticized by Chen Boda, Lin Biao and others. Subsequently, the big-character posters and party newspapers began to criticize Liu and Deng successively.
Is being targeted
In December 1966, Liu Shaoqi’s problem was finally revealed to the public. Jiang Qing declared publicly that “Liu Shaoqi is the Khrushchev of the Party”, and the slogan “Down with Liu Shaoqi” appeared in Beijing. Meanwhile, the “Wang Guangmei Task Force” established by the central committee is responsible for the investigation of Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei. It was not until April 1968 that the task force began its activities in the name of “Liu Shaoqi wang Guangmei task Force”, led by Zhou Enlai.
MAO received Liu for the last time in January 1967. Within a few days, the telephone wires in Mr Liu’s office were removed, and Mr Liu lost his personal freedom and was placed under house arrest in Beijing. On July 14, MAO left Beijing, and on July 18, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng and Chen Boda organized a meeting to denounce Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei.
According to the “Spring and Autumn Annals of Zhongnanhai Characters” published by the mainland, hundreds of thousands of people gathered around the south and south China, carrying more than 100 loudspeakers to play a high-pitched noise; In the middle of the sea, the rebel liu Shaoqi, Wang Guangmei were pulled to the two canteen, and copied their home at the same time. Liu shaoqi was forced to hold his head down and stood in front of the meeting. He was not allowed to say a word, or he would be slapped in the face and mouth with a book of quotations. Criticism lasts nearly two hours, the liu Shaoqi of nearly 70 years of age already unbearable, sweat bead oozes from his face ceaselessly, he takes out a hand to take out handkerchief to want to wipe a sweat, unexpectedly the person that stands beside him is hard one palm beat handkerchief, his sweat also flows along with shake on the ground……
On August 5, in order to echo the millions of people meeting held in Tian ‘anmen Square, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng and others planned to criticize Liu, Deng and Tao meeting, which were held in their respective homes. Liu Shaoqi was beaten black and blue.
Protest is invalid
Off after the meeting, liu shaoqi was put back to the office, he is very tired, but not angry, ring the bell to call immediately to confidential secretary, take out the constitution of the People’s Republic of China, solemn protest said: “I am the chairman of the People’s Republic of China, what do you for me personally, it doesn’t matter, but I will defend the dignity of the President, who ousted President? You are insulting our country by doing this. I am also a citizen personally. Why don’t you let me speak?” Despite the secretary’s report that night, Liu’s protest received no response.
Be laid low
On Sept. 13, Mr. Liu’s children were kicked out of Zhongnanhai, Ms. Wang was jailed, and Mr. Liu was forced to remove his belt and “closely guarded.” Liu developed trance and other symptoms. In addition, due to the injury to his right leg, Liu was unable to go to the restaurant by himself, and the supervisors were unwilling to do so, so they had to eat several meals at a time.
Liu’s health grew weaker. Although Liu was not paralyzed, he could only lie on the bed, unable to get up. No one changed his clothes or helped him get up to relieve himself. Because of inactivity, the muscles in his legs were gradually atrophying; His arms and buttocks were also punctured from the injection, and, according to the soil journal, there was not a good blood vessel in his body.
On October 18, 1968, the central committee of the communist party of China project review team member zhou enlai, Chiang ching, Philippine Marie baudry, Xie Fuzhi put forward concerning the traitor, mole, scab crimes liu shaoqi’s review report, including liu shaoqi in 1925, 1927, was arrested in 1929 mutiny, surrender to the enemy, ACTS as a spy, scab counter-revolutionary crimes investigation results. On October 31, the 12th Plenary Session of the eighth CENTRAL Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) approved the report, saying that “Liu Shaoqi, the foremost capitalist establishment in the Party, is a traitor, mole and scab hidden within the party and a running dog of the sin-laden imperialists, modern revisionists and kuomintang reactionaries.” It also passed a resolution: “Liu Shaoqi will be expelled from the Party for good, all posts inside and outside the Party will be revoked, and the account of treason committed by Liu Shaoqi and his associates against the Party will be continued.” It also called on “all party comrades and the people throughout the country to continue to carry out in-depth revolutionary criticism and eliminate the counter-revolutionary revisionism of Liu Shaoqi and the largest group of capitalist rightists in the Party.”
On November 24, Liu’s 70th birthday, MAO and Zhou specifically asked Wang Dongxing to bring Liu a special birthday gift, a radio, so that he could listen to the communique of the 12th Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee. After hearing this, Liu was struck down spiritually. It is said that he was sweating profusely, breathing urgently, with purple lips and frequent vomiting. His blood pressure suddenly rose to 260/130 MMHG and his body temperature reached 40℃.
From then on, Liu Shaoqi chose to be silent, no longer say a word, even if is the cure and the life language also say not a word.
There was no human form before the tragic death
On October 17, 1969, according to Lin Biao’s “No. 1 warrant”, Liu Shaoqi, who might die at any time, was sent to Kaifeng, Henan province by special plane. By this time, Liu was rotting, gaunt and dying. Instead of being allowed to bathe or turn over to change his clothes, the central special Commissioner stripped him naked, wrapped him in a quilt and airlifted him from Beijing to Kaifeng, where he was imprisoned in the basement of a sturdy bunker. Instead of giving him medication when he had a high fever, the medical staff were all taken away.
Liu passed away at 6 am on November 12 at the age of 71. At the time of his death, Liu had lost his human form and his shaggy white hair was two feet long. Two days later, in the middle of the night, Liu was cremated as a severe infectious disease, and the used bedding, pillows and other belongings were incinerated. Liu’s death card reads: Name: Liu Weihuang; Occupation: unemployed; Cause of death: illness. The whereabouts of his ashes are unknown.
MAO and the Communist Party persecuted the country’s president to death, and died an unexplained death. Not only that, a large number of leading cadres of the Party, government and army were also framed as “Liu Shaoqi’s agent”, and countless people were caught in the crossfire.
The root cause of misery
Despite Liu Shaoqi’s tragic plight, there is actually no essential difference between Him and MAO, and even MAO and Liu are very similar in ideology and language, and there has been a lot of criticism of him.
It was he who first put forward “MAO Zedong Thought is the guiding ideology of the Party and the guiding principle for all the work of the whole Party” at the National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1945 and wrote it into the Party constitution and programme. MAO’s personal superstition, personal authority to lead the way, he has the head. Therefore, he was also favored and trusted by MAO, and gradually rose in status.
In 1959 at the lushan meeting, Liu railed against Peng Dehuai, and he was ignorant of the truth and slaked his loyalty. If we look at his actions in the early days of the Cultural Revolution, it is even more chilling.
In a normal society, Liu shaoqi and others would not have fared so badly. Liu shaoqi’s death was the result of a failed power struggle within the Communist Party, but the ultimate cause was the malevolent communist party system.
Chinese: Soong Ching Ling
Soong Ching Ling before the founding of the Communist Party
On October 1, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek, president of the Republic of China, wrote in his diary: “The communist bandits established the puppet people’s government in Peiping on October 1. MAO Zedong was the chairman, the six vice-chairmen, and Soong Ching Ling was one of them. The Prime minister must feel uneasy in the spirit of nature.
Soong Ching-ling, the vice-president of the Central People’s Government, much to Chiang’s chagrin, held other senior posts, including vice-chairman, from 1959 to 1966, after the Communist Party installed a chairman and vice-chairman. This was a clear violation of Soong Ching-ling’s emphasis in January 1949 on “refusing to accept any position in any government of China under any circumstances”.
As the wife of Sun Yat-sen, the “founding father” of the Republic of China, Soong Ching-ling achieved such a high status in the Chinese Communist party, which was closely related to her betrayal of Sun’s “Three People’s Principles”, her secret membership in the Communist International and her acceptance of its instructions to support the Chinese Communist Party, and her “great achievements” in the Party’s seizure of power.
For example, during the Civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Soong Ching Ling called on the United States government to stop assisting Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist government, but provided the Chinese Communist Party with all kinds of materials, medicines and equipment needed by the military hospital to support the Chinese Communist Party in overthrowing the Government of the Republic of China.
In May 1946, in the name of the China Welfare Foundation, Soong Ching-ling organized more than 700 ships, full of medical equipment needed by military hospitals, to deliver them to Chen Yi and Su Yu’s New Fourth Army in northern Jiangsu under the banner of distributing United Nations disaster relief supplies, Xinhuanet.com reported in 2009.
By 1948, Soong’s China Welfare Foundation had helped the Communist Party build eight “international peace hospitals” in eight “liberated areas” across the country, 42 branches with a total of 11,800 beds, dozens of itinerant medical teams and several sizable pharmaceutical factories. The cash donated is a whopping two billion yuan.
For another example, in August 1947, Chiang Kai-shek’s government sought peace talks with the Chinese Communist Party in the face of military defeat to save the situation. Soong Ching Ling’s unique position made her the best choice for the Nationalist government to mediate peace talks. Soong Mei-ling also came to Shanghai to meet Soong Ching Ling, hoping that she would help the Kuomintang to solve the problem, but Soong Ching Ling refused.
Follow the communist party of China
However, while rejecting Chiang kai-shek, Soong Ching-ling wrote to MAO Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De and Zhou Enlai on February 20, 1949: “My spirit is always to follow your cause. And I am confident that, under your brave and wise leadership, this chapter of history, which began long ago and was unfortunately halted twenty-three years ago, will be honourably concluded in the near future.” (Selected Works of Soong Ching Ling, vol. 1)
In June of the same year, the CPC troops occupied Shanghai, and the CPC Central Committee sent Deng Yingchao and Liao Mengxing to Shanghai with handwritten letters from MAO and Zhou to invite Soong Ching Ling to attend the CPPCC meeting in Beijing. As a special representative, she was elected a member of the National Committee of the first Political Consultative Conference of the CPC, vice President of the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China, and honorary President of the All-China Democratic Women’s Federation.
The reason why MAO and the COMMUNIST Party of China gave Soong Ching-ling a very high status was to make use of her special status and influence as the “mother of the nation” to paint powder for the United Front at home and abroad. Throughout her life, Soong Ching-ling was a political vase and a united Front tool for the Communist Party.
Evidence of joining the Communist Party
It is interesting to note that the official Communist media did not publicly report soong ching Ling’s membership, but historical evidence suggests it was not unfounded.
Liao Chengzhi, a communist party leader, recalled that in May 1933, Soong Ching-ling suddenly and mysteriously came to his home to meet him in secret and told him explicitly: “I am here on behalf of the highest.” This supreme aspect is the Comintern. At that time, Soong Ching Ling asked Liao two questions: “First, can the secret work in Shanghai continue? Second, the list of traitors you know.” After receiving the reply, Soong qingling quickly left. “Although nearly 50 years have passed, I still remember every minute of that short period of less than half an hour,” Liao wrote. (Liao Chengzhi “My Memories”) it is not difficult to judge, this time on behalf of the “highest aspect” to secret joint Song Qingling, has joined the Communist Party.
In addition, a communist International archive made public after the collapse of the Soviet Union also shows that Soong Ching-ling not only had a request to join the Party, but also had joined the Communist Party as early as the early 1930s. This document is a memorandum from a representative sent by the Comintern to the Far East, who spoke to the head of the ComINTERN in May 1934.
The last part of the talk specifically mentioned the comINTERN’s relationship with Soong Ching Ling. “About Sun Xinlin [Mrs Sun],” the report said. She is a good comrade and can stay in the party. But it was a big mistake to include her in the party. It was the communist International’s former political representative in China who proposed her admission to the party. … Once she becomes a party member, she will lose her unique value.”
One of soong’s most important orders from the Comintern was to rescue the Spies in Shanghai, Paul and Gertrude Niu LAN, who held Swiss passports. Niu LAN was a secret worker of the Communist International lurking in China, responsible for financing communist activities in China and southeast Asian countries. In June 1931, Niu LAN and his wife were arrested by xunbufang of The Shanghai Public Concession and escorted to Nanjing in August.
The Couple were so important to the Comintern that the Soviet Union and the Communist Party immediately launched an emergency rescue operation. In July of that year, Soong Ching Ling was beredied for running mother and returned to Shanghai from Germany via Moscow. On the way, get Stalin’s instructions, entrusted to Chiang Kai-shek said, in order to be detained in the Soviet Jiang Jingguo to exchange Niulan couple, but was Chiang Kai-shek refused.
In the book Chiang’s Secret Files and the Truth about Chiang Kai-shek, mainland scholar Yang Tian-shi quoted Chiang’s diary dated December 16, 1931: “The minister of the East of the Communist Party of Soviet Russia, his crime has been very clearly laid out. Mrs. Sun wanted to force Yu to be released and tried to lure him back by the state. He would rather cast the kingdom into ruin, or let the Soviet Union slay him, than harm the nation’s criminals in exchange for his own son. Extinct subjugations, day also, How dare I wish to escape! But seeking law will not be ruined by me. I will not sell it to protect my parents’ name, and it will be impossible for me to live without you. Not to mention it.” From the diary, we can see that For the sake of the country, for the sake of the rule of law, Chiang Kai-shek would rather sacrifice his own son than make such a bargain. This shows Chiang’s personality.
Yang Tianshi also believes that “this condition was proposed by Soong Ching Ling, which also shows the close relationship between Song and Moscow. Some materials say that Soong Ching Ling is a secret member of the Communist International development. It’s possible.”
After being rejected by Chiang Kai-shek, Soong Ching-ling continued to openly slander the Kuomintang, and visited Niulan and his wife in prison, also invited lawyers from Switzerland to defend it, and at the same time set up an alliance organization, self-appointed chairman, the organization of the rescue committee. Due to little response from the society, the organization was enlarged and renamed as “civil rights protection”, and a number of heavyweight cultural and educational celebrities were recruited, but the goal was still to rescue Niu LAN and his wife. Because the name did not match the truth, the alliance soon fell apart. Niulan and his wife were not released until 1937, when the war of resistance broke out, at the urging of Soong Ching Ling and others.
Another piece of evidence that Soong ching-ling was in the same “trench” as the Communists is a letter she wrote in January 1937 to Wang Ming, the Communist party leader, who was in Moscow at the time. In the letter, Soong ching-ling told Smedley that she was leaking secrets to the outside world while revealing her true identity as a worker for the Comintern. For example, when Soong ching-ling defended the treachery of the Communist party’s “comrades,” Soong said to her: “If I told you that Zhou Enlai had told me that you had sent them $50,000 not long ago, would you deny that your comrades betrayed you? And he also said to both of us (Song Meiling and I) that we could contact the red Army representatives through you.”
Since the communist Party did not know the secret of her membership, Soong raised the question of membership with the Communist Party, but MAO said her role was greater outside the party and allowed her to stay outside.
MAO responded coldly and gave warning
Soong Ching Ling, who joined the Communist Party of China (COMINTERN) and gained a special position in the CPC, was indeed highly valued by MAO and the CPC in the early days. However, with the consolidation of the CPC power and MAO’s position, Soong Ching Ling’s role gradually declined, and she also began to receive cold treatment and her opinions were not accepted.
For example, Soong Ching-ling did not understand the political movements launched by the Communist Party of China and MAO Zedong, and once criticized and questioned them.
In November 1955, Soong Ching-ling wrote to MAO: “I do not understand the reform proposed for industry and commerce. The Communist Party has promised the business community to coexist for a long time and protect their interests. In this way, is not it not to go back on one’s word? Capitalists have grown suspicious and fearful of communist party policies, and many have regretted and complained.” “Vice Chairman Song has an opinion that he should speak on behalf of the capitalists,” MAO declared.
In 1957 she wrote to the CENTRAL Committee of the Communist Party of China: “The Central Committee called for a big cry, but why did it stop? The Communist Party is not afraid of the Kuomintang’s eight million army or of American imperialism. How can it be afraid of the people overthrowing the leadership of the Party and the people’s government? The Communist Party must have the courage to accept criticism from people from all walks of life. Most of its critics are patriotic and love the Party. Some members of the democratic parties have sacrificed their families, personal fame and wealth for the liberation of New China. I don’t understand this movement. I’ve been thinking about it for over two months, but it still doesn’t make any sense…”
During the Cultural Revolution, Soong wrote seven letters to MAO zedong and the Communist Party, expressing her incomprehension, disgust and deep disappointment with the Communist Party. She said, “I don’t understand culture and say that novels are all politics and poisonous weeds. I am confused. Overnight, some of my colleagues have turned into capitalist roaders, anti-party groups, aspirants, ghosts, demons and demons. The Central Committee wants me to learn to criticize and expose Liu Shaoqi, I will not do it, Chairman Liu Shaoqi has been working in the Central Committee for 30 or 40 years, today will be a traitor, mole! I don’t believe it. Is the constitution still valid now that a traitor and traitor has been president for seven years? How can people be randomly arrested, fighting, or forced to death? The Party Central Committee will speak out. It is a crime to harm one’s own comrades and people under such lawlessness. What is the reason why our excellent cadres came from the battle against the Kuomintang but died in their own ranks?”
‘If you don’t want to stay in China, you can go outside,’ MAO zedong said to Mrs. Sun, who was no longer of much use. Soong had no face at all in Taiwan, the seat of the Government of the Republic of China that she had overthrown. She had to shut up and live in pain and helplessness.
The graves of Soong ching Ling’s parents were smashed
But it was during MAO’s Cultural Revolution, when Red guards in Shanghai smashed the graves of her parents at the International Cemetery.
“When photos of the destruction of the cemetery were sent from Shanghai to Beijing, soong Ching Ling’s staff wept when they saw for the first time that she was emotionally overwhelmed,” the biography of Soong Ching Ling wrote. Liao mengxing sent the photos to Zhou Enlai. Premier Zhou ordered Shanghai authorities to immediately restore song’s tomb, and after completion took photos and sent them to Soong Ching Ling. But not all of them were restored exactly as they were. The original tombstone had the names of all six children on it, while the new one has only the name of Soong Ching Ling.”
After the devastation of the Cultural Revolution, the tomb of the Song Family was replaced by a new tomb, which was completely restored, but it was no longer the same tomb.
Seeing through the Communist Party on The Deathbed
On May 29, 1981, Soong Ching Ling died of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and coronary heart disease in Beijing, and was awarded the title of “Honorary President of the People’s Republic of China” by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Before her death, she “urged” to join the Communist Party, according to party officials, and the party granted her full membership. However, in a book entitled “Don’t force it!” by He Qingling, a Communist Party history expert, Soong Ching-ling, however, said with a smile that the Communist Party was about to admit her as a full member: “Don’t force it! Thirty-one years, my heart is cold, life is coming to an end.”
According to her living will, communist Party officials said her ashes were buried east of her parents’ grave at Shanghai’s Universal Cemetery. Why wasn’t Soong Ching-ling buried with sun Yat-sen, the founding father? Opinions vary. But Internet rumors suggest the real reason was that she remarried in her later years to her life secretary, a married man much younger than her.
But perhaps the real reason was that she had finally realized what a dark road she was following the Communist Party to ruin the country and the people, and that she had no face or qualifications to see Sun Yat-sen.
Gao Gang and Dong Biwu
Gao Gang, the “king of the Northeast,” committed suicide twice
Gao Gang, one of the senior leaders before and after the founding of the Communist Party of China. In the 1930s, he worked with Liu Zhidan to establish the Base area of the Chinese Communist Party in Shaanxi-Gansu region and served as the political commissar. After the north to help escape MAO Zedong department in northern Shaanxi foothold, so deeply MAO’s reuse, has served as the secretary of the northwest region, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the commander of the North Manchuria Military Area Command, northeast Democratic coalition deputy political commissar of the post.
After the Chinese Communist Army occupied the northeast, Gao Gang was appointed as the first secretary of the Northeast Bureau, the president of the Northeast People’s Government, the commander and political commissar of the Northeast Military Area Command, etc. He was the only leader of the six regions to hold the four important posts of the Party, government and army, so he was called “the King of northeast China”. In September 1949, Gao Gang became vice Chairman of the Central People’s Government and later vice Chairman of the People’s Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People’s Government. Gao Gang became one of the most powerful challengers to MAO’s authority.
In order to prevent the growth of local power, MAO ordered in August 1952 the top leaders of the five local bureaus, Gao Gang (Northeast Bureau), Rao Shushi (East China Bureau), Deng Xiaoping (Southwest Bureau), Deng Zihui (South China Bureau) and Xi Zhongxun (Northwest Bureau), to be transferred successively to Beijing to hold leading positions in the central organs and The State Council. At this time, Gao Gang was very dissatisfied with the power of Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and others, so he decided to “draw in” some people to fight against them. Among those Gao Gang tried to “draw in” was Deng Xiaoping.
Concerning this period of history, Deng Xiaoping said in 1980, referring to “certain historical issues of the Party” : “I know this matter very well. After Comrade MAO Zedong proposed in 1953 to divide the central government into the first and second line, Gao Gang became very active. He first got The support of Lin Biao, just dare to do so. At that time, the northeast was his own, the south was Lin Biao, and the east China was Rao Shushi. With regard to The southwest, he formally negotiated with me by means of co-op, saying that Comrade Liu Shaoqi was not mature and that he would try to overthrow comrade Liu Shaoqi with me. I made it clear that Comrade Liu Shaoqi’s position in the Party was formed by history, and in general, he is a good man, and it is not appropriate to change such a position formed by history. Gao Gang also asked Comrade Chen Yun for a negotiation. He said, “Let’s have several vice-chairmen, one for you and one for me.” In this way, Comrade Chen Yun and I felt that the problem was serious, and we immediately reported it to Comrade MAO Zedong and brought it to his attention. It is not normal for Gao Gang to try to push Comrade Liu Shaoqi down by trading and scheming. Therefore, the struggle against Gaogang must be affirmed.”
From Deng’s words, we can see that it was Deng who tipped off MAO and made MAO pay attention to it. On December 24, 1953, MAO raised a warning of the existence of small organizational activities within the Party without naming them at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. On February 7, the following year, at the fourth Plenary Session of the seventh Central Committee, Liu Shaoqi made a report on “A resolution to strengthen the unity of the Party”, without naming and shaming Gao and Rao. At this time of gao, Rao has lost freedom, even the qualifications of the audience are not.
According to Zhao Jialiang, Gao’s secretary, in “The Past Under Half a Tombstone: Gao Gang in Beijing”, it is revealed that one of the effective strategies to bring down political opponents is to charge them with “Li Tong Foreign country”. Zhou enlai, based on a letter from Stalin’s personal envoy, Kovalyov, alleged that Gogang had revealed to the Soviet Union that there were pro-Soviet and anti-Soviet factions in the Communist Party, and labeled Gogang a “litong foreign country.”
From February 15, 1954 solstice February 25, zhou enlai led and called for the revelation and criticism of gao gang’s “anti-party conspiracy”. Takaoka attempted suicide with a handgun on February 17.
On February 25, the last day of the symposium, Zhou Enlai made a summary speech, listing the “ten crimes” of the conspiracy to split the Party and seize the power of the Party and the state, defining The nature of Gaogang.
Zhou Enlai went on to outline his ideas in his speech, and he made groundless assertions that “The crime of Gao Gang has cancelled out his partial contribution to the revolutionary struggle, proving that his motive for participating in the revolutionary struggle was impure”. This argument eventually killed Gao Gang.
Zhou enlai then went further, saying at a meeting of 2,400 senior cadres that “Gao Gang’s mistakes of extreme individualism have developed to the point of carrying out plots to split the Party and realize his personal ambition to seize the leadership of the Party and the state.”
On April 29, 1954, Gao Gang submitted “My Reflection” to the central Government. On August 17, gao Gang took a large amount of sleeping pills and killed himself.
Zhou enlai then reported to MAO and Liu that “after six months of discipline by the Party, Gao Gang showed no remorse and committed suicide on August 17.”
After gao Gang died, he was buried in The Wanan Cemetery in Beijing. Zhou Enlai decreed that Gao Gang could be buried with rites, and gravestones should not be engraved. When the Cultural Revolution began, Gaogang’s tombstone was smashed in half.
Five months after Gao gang’s death, at the National Party Congress in Beijing, Deng Xiaoping read out the Resolution on The Anti-Party Alliance of Gao Gang Rao Shu Shi, this time by public name, pointing out that Instead of bowing to the Party and confessing, Gao committed suicide as a betrayal of the party. Adding to the list of crimes is “taking the northeast region as an independent kingdom of Gaogang… The anti-party alliance divided the Communists into two groups: the base and the army; One is the white party “and so on. “In order to consolidate the unity of the Party, it is necessary to resolutely expel them from the Party and remove them from all positions inside and outside the Party. Rao has resisted to the end and continues to attack the party.”
Mr. Rao was pronounced dead shortly after the decision was announced, and there is no clear answer as to whether he committed suicide. Two comrades who had fought for MAO were eventually purged by him for being anti-Party. Soon their followers were purged from the party.
Gao Gang, who only opposed Liu Shaoqi, was thus characterized as “anti-party”, which set a precedent for the CPC to treat intra-party problems as problems between the enemy and ourselves.
According to “The Last Words,” a sequel to Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev’s memoirs, it appears that Stalin sold Him to MAO because He had given Stalin so much inside Communist Party information. Why did Stalin sell Takaoka? Khrushchev believed that Stalin was trying to gain MAO’s trust.
As the communist Party still treats the archive as a secret, it is not yet clear what MAO’s real intentions were. However, MAO’s superb method of organizing people allowed people to be “appreciated” again and again in the later historical development. Mr Gao is neither the first nor the second senior Communist party official to be persecuted to death.
The son of Dong Biwu, “spy king” of the Communist Party of China, is imprisoned
Dong has an unspoken place in The history of the Communist Party. He was one of two representatives of the “big one” who became the party’s top leader after 1949, the other being MAO Zedong. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, he served successively as chairman of the Financial and Economic Committee, vice Premier and Supreme Court, and vice president of the State from 1959 to 1966.
Dong Biwu also has an identity that few people know, that is the Communist Party of China “spy king”. Before the communist revolution, the head of the secret service system, and the direct leader is zhou enlai, dong is his right-hand man, he had placed a bear to CDH, Shen Anna, guo ye rose and Han Liancheng Chinese communist spy, lurking in the kuomintang communist party head and its core confidential side, establish a pervasive intelligence network, for the Chinese communist party seized power has played a key role.
Under Mr Dong, the Party began its “great Leap forward”, with courts everywhere claiming to have worked hard for one to three years to achieve “no counter-revolution, no theft, no rape” and “no civil disputes”. In response, Dong Biwu said at a meeting in April 1958, “It is not good to raise slogans by seeking truth from facts… The court is the last step, and the case is executed after it has been decided by the court. Courts should not precede public security, nor should they take the position of procuratorial organs.” In fact, this is the “Great Leap forward” in the three organs of the joint case denial of the system.
For this reason, Dong Biwu was criticized by the central political and Legal group without name.
At a 1959 meeting at Lushan, Dong refused to criticize Peng because he did not see that peng had “anti-party” tendencies, and he wrote to MAO to resign as president of the court. MAO agreed, but made him vice president.
Since then, Dong Biwu chose to keep safe, no longer mention political and legal matters, and openly let his family learn MAO.
After the cultural Revolution broke out in 1966, Dong biwu, under MAO’s protection, did not suffer the same fate as others, but his younger son, Dong Lianghe, was twice imprisoned.
According to dong’s children, one night in mid-December 1966, Dong, who was recuperating in Guangzhou, received a notice from the central government asking his younger son to surrender to the police and explain the problem. Dong Biwu did not ask what, let Dong Lianghe go to surrender.
At the time, Dong lianghe was studying at No. 6 Middle School in Beijing. “I was the head of the Red Guard at the university. I was busy trying to rectify the station order at Beijing Railway Station. The railway was paralyzed because there were so many students in tandem.” When surrender, Dong Liang He according to the family request, honestly reviewed his “illegal behavior”. “I was accused of carrying out Liu Shaoqi’s reactionary bourgeois line at school,” he recalled.
On January 4, 1967, Dong Lianghe was put in prison. After a year, Dong Lianghe was released from prison. He immediately proposed to his family the idea of becoming a soldier. In early April of the same year, the Guangzhou Military Command agreed to take over. However, he was recaptured at the station.
“Why was my younger brother suddenly arrested?” Dong Liang recalled in Remembering My Father Dong Biwu. One day, not long after this happened, I opened my dad’s office door and saw him lying on his back on the couch with his hands on the armrest. This absence of books is very rare. Dad sighed and said, ‘Your brother is in prison for me! ‘” A big-character poster with the headline’ Don’t Care about Your Son, Dong Biwu ‘was posted at Tiananmen square.
Although He was jailed again, Dong kept his mouth shut and could only write poems to relieve the pain in his heart. In the poem “Wen You er was arrested at Beijing Railway Station”, he wrote, “Wen Er’s return to prison makes my heart sink even more. There was no dream in bed, and he forgot to eat. Flight has broken wings, speech frequency or voice loss. Justice has long arms, but not long arms. At that time, dong Liang he said, his father wrote a lot of poems about him.
He was released from prison at the end of 1968. He and his father were speechless that day. “I didn’t say anything, not to make him sad, but we just sat there…” Dong Lianghe will a stomach of grievances back, eventually with tears silently left his father’s office.
After his release from prison, Dong Lianghe was sent to Jinxian county in Hebei province for re-education. Before leaving, Dong Biwu revealed his father’s deep feeling, not only repeatedly asked, but also offered to let its early marriage. Ten years later, He returned to Beijing and went into business.
Dong died in 1975 at the age of 90.
conclusion
Dong Biwu once said to his daughter, “I am just a rag. The Party wants me to make a rag, so I will make a rag.” Obviously, dong biwu is very aware of their position in the communist party of China, I do not know whether there is such a meaning in the subtext: used, used rags always have to be thrown away one day, and the communist party of China for dong biwu, soong ching ling, liu shaoqi, gao gang trusted AIDS are eliminated when they finish their mission practice, and what is the difference between cloth?
There is no doubt that in a one-party dictatorship like the CCP, even the most senior president has to worry about his own life and the possibility of the CCP hitting people, let alone ordinary people, with a stick. Is there a need for a system that cannot guarantee even basic personal safety, a society that fills people with fear?
Recent Comments