Helicobacter pylori (hereinafter referred to as HP) is a kind of carcinogenic factor recognized by WHO and has been proved to be related to a variety of diseases including gastric cancer.
Timely eradication of Helicobacter pylori and prevention of infection are the most important controllable means to prevent gastric cancer.
HP infection is the most important cause of gastric cancer
Due to the catering habit (sharing meals) and the lack of attention to HP in China, the infection rate in China is very high, about 40%~60% on average, and as high as 70-80% in some areas with high incidence of gastric cancer. The infection rate in children is about 20%~30%.
After HP infection, although about 70% of people have no conscious symptoms for the time being, the following outcomes may occur over time:
100% will develop active gastritis
About 15 to 20 percent of those infected may develop digestive ulcers
About 5-10% of patients may develop indigestion
Gastric cancer and lymphoma of gastric mucosa were found in less than 1% of patients
Other extra-gastric diseases such as iron deficiency anemia of unknown cause
Therefore, China’s Expert Consensus opinion on Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Prevention and Control of Gastric Cancer (Shanghai, 2019) clearly points out that:
HP infection does not automatically eliminate;
HP infection is the most important cause of gastric cancer.
The treatment of HP eradication and prevention of HP infection are the most important controllable factors for the prevention of gastric cancer, which can effectively prevent gastric cancer.
How does HP spread?
The transmission route of HP is mainly mouth-to-mouth transmission.
Because HP colonizes primarily in the gastric mucosa, it can be found in the saliva of an infected person as the contents of the stomach flow back into the mouth,
If they kiss, share a dish, or share a tooth, they may become infected.
The most easily transmitted environment is household transmission, such as unhygienic feeding habits for children, kissing between couples, family meals, and mixing utensils. Once one person in a family is infected, others may also be infected, so it is recommended that people in the family without countervailing factors be examined and treated at the same time.
Eating out, drinking raw water, eating unwashed fruits and vegetables, irregular dental procedures and gastroscopy are other possible routes of infection.
After infection, do not take medicine to be able to clear automatically?
Helicobacter pylori infection, can produce HP antibodies, but these antibodies do not clear Helicobacter pylori;
After treatment, antibodies are also positive in one stage, and there is no guarantee that they will not be reinfected.
Helicobacter pylori infection is generally considered difficult to spontaneous elimination.
So the Kyoto Global Consensus on Helicobacter pylori gastritis stresses that all helicobacter pylori infections should be treated.
A quadruple therapy containing bismuth is recommended for treatment.
There is no evidence that certain ingredients, traditional Chinese medicine, probiotics, or even toothpaste, clove tea, garlic and the like can eradicate HP.
Studies have shown that about 10 percent of children under the age of 14 are likely to be cleared automatically. So testing and treatment for infected children are not recommended unless necessary.
After eradicative treatment, very easy relapse?
Helicobacter pylori infection can produce corresponding antibodies, serum antibodies after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori can exist for a long time. This antibody lacks immune protection, so there is a possible risk of reinfection after helicobacter is eradicated.
After the “eradication” of Helicobacter pylori, the breath test is tested after a period of time. If the test is positive again, it is called recurrence. There are two possibilities:
(1) Reinfection: recurrence 6-12 months after treatment; This infection is different from the last strain;
(2) Reignition (reignition) : it recurred within 6 months after treatment, and the strain was the same as the last time, that is, the last time the treatment failed;
Professor Liu Wenzhong believes that the reinfection rate of Helicobacter pylori reported in China is 1%~1.75%/ year, lower than the 4%~5%/ year previously reported.
The research results of Professor Zhu Yin showed that the annual recurrence rate of HP I had passed was 3.1%, the annual recurrence rate was 5.1%, and the annual reinfection rate was 1.5%.
An international study has also confirmed that the reinfection rate after HP treatment in China is 1-5%, and the high incidence is in areas with poor sanitation.
Overall, the annual chance of reinfection after eradication should be around 1-3%,
Many people are retested positive, not really re-infected, but reignited, that is, the last time did not kill bacteria successfully.
To sum up, active examination and treatment of Helicobacter pylori can not only effectively prevent gastric cancer, but also reduce a source of infection, which is a good thing for self-interest and altruism;
In addition, because HP is mainly mouth – mouth communication, so advocate “public chopsticks, public spoon” action, imperative!
In addition, it is recommended that:
It also advocates regular disinfection of tableware made of separate meals.
Keep oral health and quit smoking;
Improve eating habits: avoid drinking raw water and eating raw food. At the same time, the food should be diversified, avoid partial food, and pay attention to supplement a variety of nutrients.
Do not eat mildewed food;
Eat less smoked, pickled, rich in nitrate and nitrite food, eat more fresh food;
Avoid food that is too coarse, strong and spicy, and lots of long-term drinking.
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