Zhu Zhaogui moved in the spring of 1916. He originally lived on Huzhou Road in the Shanghai public concession, but now moved to Fokaisen Road in the French New Concession. Prior to the move, he committed domestic violence against his wife, Fang. The news of this, soon reached the French public hall.
The French Public Hall was the court of the French Concession. Initially, the arrest room received a report letter signed by a foreigner, claiming that Zhu Zhaogui had abused his wife without any reason and asked for an investigation. The police department sent someone to investigate. Since Zhu Zhaogui was out of town, his wife Fang was summoned to the court of law. The judge in the court was Nie, and after Zhu Zhaogui was also brought to trial later, he began to hear this seemingly ordinary case of domestic violence.
Zhu Zhaogui did not deny that he had beaten his wife, but he initially gave the reason that Fang was “not virtuous”, a grand explanation that naturally did not convince the judge.
The company’s main business is to provide a wide range of products and services to its customers.
At that time there was no WeChat friend circle, and even if there was, Zhu Zhaogui was too ashamed to make the matter public.
The adultery was still illegal at the time, and Zhu Zhaogui said he could have taken his wife Fang and Cao Weiqing to court, but “it was a matter of face”, and in the scene where Cao Weiqing was on his knees kowtowing for mercy, Zhu Zhaogui beat his wife “a few times” and “let Cao Weiqing go”, and “kept his mouth shut”.
Considering that if he continued to live with Cao Weiqing in the same room, there was no guarantee that the adultery would not be repeated, Zhu Zhaogui moved to Fukai Sen Road in late April. Therefore, he believed that the so-called foreigner’s report letter was fabricated by Cao Weiqing. Since the beating of Fang was at the scene of the adultery, it is reasonable that there would not be a fourth person present, so this statement of Zhu Zhaogui is most likely true. And Fang also confessed that she and her husband has always been “good”, that day did not have adultery with Cao Weiqing, but Cao himself broke into her room, forcibly have sex. After Zhu Zhaogui saw her, Cao Weiqing kowtowed and begged, which was true.
Fang said she did not accuse her husband of abuse, and she did not know who wrote the report letter.
Fang’s statement that she did not commit adultery may not be true. The scary thing about this kind of woman is that Cao Weiqing is thus suspected of rape. Nie finally sentenced Zhu Zhaogui to retire from the case and not to be held responsible for the domestic violence, while Fang was “detained and awaiting mention”, and Cao Weiqing was summoned to the case.
The case has been successfully transformed from a domestic violence case to an adultery or rape case.
1
In that spring 100 years ago, the air was also filled with the smell of damp desire and hormones. Whether in traditional society, or in the transition from traditional to modern, or in the so-called post-modern “Internet +” era, sexual foolishness is the most secretive and naked wild existence in the social scene.
In 1916, there was a unique scene of transaction and display of love affairs – there would not be the demonstration of WeChat’s circle of friends, nor the questioning and conspiracy of microblogging, but there were other demonstrations and conspiracies in the same way. As the Shanghai Beach Zhu Zhaogui case reveals, after the case, there will be a variety of games, whether it is secretly reporting, or publicly shirking responsibility to deny the nature of “adultery”.
Throughout the history of human evolution, there has never been a most effective moral and legal standard for regulating sexual desire, and it is this undercurrents, physical self-regulation out of control gender interaction cheating picture, constitute the most bizarre and ambiguous picture in the long river of human reproduction.
Like Chen Yuanji, when faced with an “adulterous” affair, he chooses to resort to the law, which is the way of civilized people. (Photo: “The Taoist priest descends from the mountain” stills) Like Chen Yuanji, facing the “adultery” affair, choose to resort to the law, is the way of civilized people. (Photo: “The Taoist priest descends from the mountain” stills)
Less than six months after the Zhu Zhaogui case, the Shanghai French Concession Public Hall received another case. This time it was not a third party report, but a direct complaint.
The plaintiff was Chen Yuanji, and the defendants were his wife Shen, who had remarried, and a second tenant named Han Ah Qi. Chen Yuanji said that the second tenant Han Ah Qi first adultery with Shen, and then “adultery abducted” Shen, rolled away his 480 yuan worth of gold jewelry clothes. He has arrested Shen and requested the public court to arrest Han Ah Qi to recover the stolen goods. He had Shen’s clothes found in Han Ah Qi’s house as evidence.
The gold rings and leather clothes found in Han’s house also became evidence in court. However, during the trial, Shen claimed that she had been beaten by her husband, so she went away for a while and left her clothes and accessories with Han Ah Qi’s mother, which is why they were found in Han Ah Qi’s house.
She was not abducted by Han Ah Qi, nor did she commit adultery with him before. Han Ah Qi’s confession was the same, that he had only hidden Shen’s clothes and had not committed adultery.
Since there was no other evidence, the judge finally fined Han Ah Qi 15 yuan for “not sending stolen goods”, and Shen was sentenced to “two months in custody” – this should be for her to take her husband’s family This should be the punishment for her fleeing with her husband’s “stolen goods”. The public court asked her to hand back to Chen Yuanji after the two-month detention period had expired.
Not long after that, Chen Yuanji came to the court to sue, saying that he had detected that Shen and Han Ah Qi did have adultery, because he had copied two pictures of Shen and Han Ah Qi from Han Ah Qi’s residence, as well as Shen’s sporadic daily necessities and bedding and other things.
In today’s world, these things do not seem to be sufficient proof, the parties may still find all kinds of reasons to deny, but in the scene of the time, Han Ah Qi and Shen was speechless, “confessed to adultery.
The final verdict of the court was that Han Ah Qi was remanded for 4 months and Shen for 4 months instead of 2 months. The “stolen goods” were collected by the plaintiff Chen Yuanji.
Like Chen Yuanji, faced with the “adultery”, choose to resort to the law, is the way of civilized people.
2
Old Shanghai has the so-called “tiger stove”, is the cooked water store boiling and selling water. The owner of the stove was also considered a relatively low-level businessman.
At the end of 1916, a tiger stove owner named Tan Jinhai came to the judicial section of the Zhabei Police Department in Shanghai and accused his friend Gao Ba of committing adultery with his wife Xu, and was caught red-handed and asked to be dealt with. The case was very simple, and after interrogation by the judicial section’s Li Section, the case was found to be true and sentenced to the local prosecutor’s office for punishment according to the law.
There was also a shopkeeper named Li Ahong, who also cheated on his wife Tang and committed adultery with a man named Xia Xiangfa. During the adultery, Tang often subsidized the income of the store to Xia Xiangfa. After being discovered by Li Ahong, Tang simply eloped with Xia Xiangfa and ran away. Li Ahong found the whereabouts of the two, reported to the arrest room to arrest them.
According to Tang, she was “lured into rape” by Xia in June 1915, and then “lured into flight”. Xia Xiangfa, on the other hand, claimed that Tang had spent her life with him voluntarily, so he dared to take her out of the country. The court finally sentenced Hsia to 3 months in jail and Tang to 1 month in jail, after which Tang was returned to the custody of Li Ah Hong.
After this happened, the court supported the original couple to continue to live their lives, and the husband was able to accept his cheating wife.
3
“Adultery” often happens between acquaintances.
All of the cases mentioned above involve a second tenant, a friend or a live-in waiter.
The case described below, the protagonist is the “happy father” of the Suzhou City, Pi City Street merchant Qian Zilian. When he returned to his hometown in the spring of 1916, he found that his wife, Xu, was “as big as a melon” and was pregnant. In the face of his interrogation, Xu “stammering to”. After four investigations, it became known that Xu and fellow villagers Zhang Shaoyun adultery.
Qian Zilian’s statement is that “Zhang Shaoyun seduced into adultery”, “check the valuable things at home, the lack of very large, worth more than 10,000 gold”. He therefore submitted a complaint to the Wu County Office. The Wu County Office accordingly sentenced Zhang Shaoyun to two years in prison and Xu to 10 months in prison.
Zhang Shaoyun and Xu appealed to the Shanghai District Court against the verdict. The Shanghai District Court finally rejected Zhang Shaoyun’s and Xu’s appeals and upheld the original sentence. Zhang Shaoyun and Xu expressed their displeasure and were prepared to continue to sue.
However, Xu then changed his plea, hoping to have the imprisonment eke out a fine. This claim was eventually allowed. Zhang Shaoyun, on the other hand, continued to sue in the Jiangsu High Court.
Should adultery, which is a consensual matter, be punishable by imprisonment, despite the harm caused to a third party (Qian Zilian)? Zhang Shaoyun’s relentless appeal alludes to the quest for decriminalization of adultery.
And Xu kept the seeds left by Zhang Shaoyun, but it is not known on what basis.
In another case, a 19-year-old girl in the French New Territories of Shanghai was killed by a charlatan doctor for attempting to have an abortion.
The 19-year-old girl was the daughter of summer Xiao, a resident of Baokangli. In January 1916, the police received a report from a neighbor that the girl was dead and asked for an investigation. The sheriff summoned Mr. and Mrs. Xiaoxiao to the court for questioning, and Xiaoxiao confessed that his daughter had committed adultery with an outsider, resulting in her pregnancy. The woman admitted to this and said she would have an abortion.
The couple advised her to go to the hospital, but she was worried that it would be “embarrassing” for her to be known at the hospital, so she asked a charlatan doctor who passed by the door to abort her pregnancy, and was “thus injured”. After the couple found out about it, the girl was beyond saving. This was testified by Hu Zhang’s who lived with her.
Nie decided to release Mr. and Mrs. Xia Tianxiao, and said that if they met the doctor in the future, they should turn him over to the police.
4
Adultery could occur in any class, and the identity of the adulterer could be either an unmarried woman, a married business woman, or a divorced or deceased widow.
In the defunct Shanghai Huaxing Foreign Goods, the suspected adulterers were Cao Zhang, a widow, and Li Yushu, an apprentice. The accuser in this case is the aunt of the owner of the foreign goods Cao Jin’s, she said that after the death of Cao boss, Cao Zhang’s and apprentice Li Yushu adultery.
The plaintiff’s lawyer, Luo Lishi, said that the fact of adultery had the confession of the maid Fang Ying. The defendant’s lawyer, Mu Ansu, objected to this and asked Cao Zhang’s questions in court. Cao Zhang said that after her husband’s death, she was a woman, and although she had a manager to take care of the accounts, she still had to entrust her apprentice Li Yushu to take care of all the miscellaneous things.
It was a false accusation that she and Li Yushu were committing adultery.
After the first hearing, the Chinese and Western judges of the court did not pronounce a verdict in court, and the defendant was released on bail pending trial. At the second hearing, two witnesses in favor of the defendant appeared, Lin Shi and Ye Gu, both of whom said that Li Yushu had visited Cao Zhang’s place three or four times, all of them talking in the upstairs parlor. A few days later, the judge Wang Zhaozhi and the U.S. Consul Guo Jun pronounced the verdict, “although there is no actual evidence of adultery in this case, it is unknown far suspect” as the reason, fined Cao Zhang’s 25 yuan Yang, Li Yushu 25 yuan Yang forfeited.
This case today, the plaintiff would have lost the case.
There is another case, also caused by suspicion.
There was a Xu Jinbiao in Hanzhong Road, Zhabei, Shanghai, who suspected his wife Yang of adultery with his son-in-law Wang Hengxing, so he had a verbal argument and fought with each other. In the end, the police of Zhabei District 4 took Xu Jinbiao and his wife and Wang Hengxing into police custody and held them for questioning. The title of this case, given by the newspaper “Declaration”, is particularly brilliant – “Suspicious clouds, suspicious rain, Joe’s Peak”.
The main peak of Qingcheng Mountain is named after the shape of an old man with his back hunched over. There are several smaller rocks nearby, and it is also known as the “Old Man’s Sun”. In Wang Hengxing’s case, however, Joe Man Peak means “old woman getting her grandson”.
Wang Hengxing case is not an ordinary cheating, in the end is a suspected case of incest.
Cheating between relatives, in the case of suspected adultery exposed by the media, the proportion of not small. This is probably because acts of this nature are more eye-catching and have a newsworthy relationship.
A similar case was encountered in the summer of 1916 at the police station in the fourth district of Zhabei, Shanghai. A Yangzhou native, Gu Hu, suspected her husband, Gu Liwei, of cheating on her with her sister-in-law, Hu Chen, and got into a quarrel and fight at home, alerting the police. The police brought them to the District 4 police station, where Gu Liwei denied Gu Hu’s allegations. Hu Chen also said that Gu Liwei and his wife had borrowed her clothes and accessories several times before and “did not return them when they were charged”, and that they had asked for them this time, but had not expected to be slandered.
5
An even more bizarre case occurred in early 1916 at the Shanghai Public Library.
At that time, Wang Zhaozhi, the adjudicator, and Kang Jun, the British vice-consul, were hearing a trivial case in the arrest house when a Suzhou woman, Chen Yuan, brought her daughter, Mi Chen, to the court, saying that she had promised her daughter, Mi Chen, to Mi Jinrong, a wine maker at No. 1160 Yang’s residence on Wusong Road, as her adopted daughter-in-law.
After studying the case, Wang Zhaozhi and Kang Jun dismissed it. The reason now seems somewhat inexplicable: “It was more than two weeks ago, and had gone to the police station to accuse, by the doctor examined the non-virgin raped, not to be allowed to reason.”
According to the traditional understanding, “incest” refers to sexual relations between non-sibling established relatives.
Her husband, Ye Yunxiang, died in the winter of the previous year, and at the age of 21, she was widowed at home, with all expenses covered by her husband’s brother, Ye Guanxiang – which meant that Ye Lu had no source of income, and at first she was at peace. Not long after, her husband’s relatives began to mobilize her to remarry. Ye Lu was quite resistant, but later was forced to comply with the order.
The marriage process must have been quite traditional, so much so that she didn’t even know who her new husband was beforehand, and only when she passed away did she learn that she was remarrying her dead husband’s uncle, Ye Jingxing.
“When the matter was about incest, Lu took advantage of the gap to escape to Shen to avoid hiding.”
Lu, who would never accept an act of incest, ran away to Shanghai and went into hiding. Her new husband, Ye Jingxing, found her in Shanghai and falsely accused her of fleeing the marriage with money. The police also filed a case against her.
Another case was not related to incest, but it was also related to sexual misconduct between relatives.
In September 1916, a citizen named Shen Fujiang brought his mother-in-law, Qin Shi, to the police station in Shanghai’s Zhabei District 4, accusing his wife, Qin, of committing adultery with Tang Sanlang, and that Qin Shi was behind it. This is a serious accusation, meaning that the mother pimped out her married daughter for adultery.
Among the cases handled in 1916, there was a murder case caused by incest and adultery.
One night in August of that year, Xu Chuansheng, a native of Baoshan, came to the police station to report that his brother-in-law, Xia Jia Sheng, had died in July of the previous year after being stabbed in the abdomen with a kitchen knife because he had not lent money to his cousin, Xia Gen Jiang. After committing the crime, Xia Genjiang fled the country and was wanted by the prefectural governor. Now, he is hiding in Xizhong Road, which is under the jurisdiction of Shanghai District 4 Police Station, and requests the police to arrest him.
The police followed this lead and apprehended Natsugane and sent him to the Justice Division for interrogation. Xia Genjiang confessed that his deceased wife had committed adultery with his cousin Xia Jiasheng, and that he had a long-standing grudge against her, so he found an opportunity to kill her in July of the previous year. The Baoshan County Office then sent someone to Shanghai to bring Xia Genjiang back home for disposal.
If Xia Genjiang’s story is true, this is a murder case caused by the adultery between his cousin and his nephew’s daughter-in-law.
6
Food and sex, diet and color both bring pleasure, but omnivorous eaters come and go freely human and animal, and sexual relations are considered to require regulation. Nor does the desire for food and drink inspire so much jealousy, hatred and affliction as sexual desire does.
Zhuang Hongkun, who lived at 181 Tokyo Road in Shanghai, was enraged to see his wife, Zhuang Zhang, committing adultery with Liu Guangxing, and in a fit of rage, he slashed Liu Guangxing in the face with a knife. The injury was so severe that after Zhuang Hongkun was taken into custody, he was in the hospital for medical treatment and could not come to the court to testify.
Ni Shunkang, who owned a brine store in Shanghai, also caught his wife, Ni Xia, in an adulterous relationship with a store assistant surnamed Li, and stabbed them in their bedroom. However, his wife was only “slightly wounded and not seriously hurt”, while the man surnamed Li was injured in the head and face and needed hospital treatment. Obviously, Ni Shunkang and the first mentioned Zhu Zhaogui are two different styles of people, Zhu Zhaogui caught in adultery only beat his own wife, Ni Shunkang will be more violence to the “adulterer”.
Being caught in adultery is probably one of the most dangerous moments in life.
Like the cases listed at the beginning of this article, the parties involved in civilized reporting of course, but very often, there is no shortage of violent fights. Or the husband cut the adulterer, or the adulterer beat up and murdered the husband.
Li Mingxiang, who lives at No. 697 Tianzhi Lane, Mile Road, Shanghai, came home from abroad one night and found his wife, Zhang, in bed with Tang Jintao, he went up to discuss, but was injured by Tang.
In contrast, Chen Xingru, the owner of 137 Fuqingli, North Zhejiang Road, Shanghai, was much worse off, as he was beaten to death by his wife Wu’s “concubine”, a man with the mixed name Xiao Er.
Xie Zhu, a peasant woman from Yiling Town, Jiangdu County, Yangzhou, was executed by hanging at Erlang Temple at noon on February 21, 1916, also for murdering her own husband. The cruelty of this woman was that she did not kill her husband on the spot because she was caught in adultery, but she strangled him with a fence on a regular day. Because the “adulterer” was not an accomplice to the murder, she was sentenced to life imprisonment, while Xie Zhu herself was sentenced to death. She was still pregnant at the time of the crime and was executed after she gave birth.
Theft 1916
Mutual wrestling sometimes occurs between cheaters. Because of the different demands between the two sides of the affair, some want to establish a solid relationship, while others drift constantly looking for prey. If money is then involved, conflict is sometimes inevitable.
Cao Wang, the owner of Yichang’s brasserie on Huasheng Road in Zhabei, Shanghai, was seriously injured in July and August when her “concubine” Cao Ruirui chopped her head with a wood chopping axe. The police were also dispatched to the police station in Zhabei District 4, and the murderer, Cao Ruirui, was taken into custody.
According to Cao Jihong, son of the injured Cao Wang, his father, a native of Danyang, originally opened a ham store in the French Concession, and Cao Rui-rui was a “partner in the store”. Later, when his father died, “Wang was seduced by Rui Rui into adultery and sold the store to another person, and opened a small store in Zhabei”. More than ten years passed by.
Cao Jihong had been farming in the countryside and did not participate in the store’s business. One day he received a letter from his mother, saying that Cao Rui Rui had another lover, and that he often transported the money out of the store, and that he was going to expel Cao Wang’s from the store. When Cao Jihong got the news, he rushed to Zhabei and tried to take over the store. Cao Rui Rui was interceded by his friends and relatives and wrote a note to “break off the relationship”. Cao Jihong’s mother and son also gave him 28 yuan as money for his return to his hometown in Sichuan. But after that, Cao Ruirui continued to harass him from time to time. After an unsuccessful attempt to claim the money, he injured Wang Cao with a woodcutting axe.
After preliminary interrogation, Cao Rui Rui was transferred to the local prosecutor’s office for investigation.
7
In the cases cited above, the legal relationships are relatively simple. There are also some complicated ones, such as this one: Shen Fanzhuang of Dongshan County, Fujian Province, killed his wife Jiang and Zhu Mantong after he saw them committing adultery, and then surrendered to the police. A bit of passionate murder.
Dongshan County Governor called Wu Jinte, he reported the case to the High Prosecutor’s Office, said that the criminal law for this case does not have a special article, can you invoke the Qing case, according to the Criminal Law Article 53 to exempt its sentence? Wu is inclined not to give the murderer Shen Fan kind of punishment.
Xu Fengshi, the prosecutor general of the High Prosecutor’s Office, gave instructions that
Check the crime of murder, the Republic of China’s provisional new Criminal Law Article 310 has the entire article, as to whether the crime is due to adultery, is the remote cause of the problem; whether in the place of adultery to kill, is the circumstances of the crime. Criminal law provides that the crime has to be remote cause, there is no remote cause. As for the severity of the circumstances, only related to the severity of the penalty, for the composition of the crime, does not matter.
The crime mentioned in Article 311 of the Criminal Law refers to those who do not have a remote cause, so there is no need to create a special article on killing and rape in addition to this article. However, although the remote cause is sometimes unnecessary to constitute the crime, but the ordinary elements of the crime, not due to self-defense is the limit. If the act is committed in self-defense, no matter what the act is, it does not constitute a crime, and this is clearly stated in Article 15 of the Criminal Law.
Specifically, in this case, if the husband (Shen Fanchu) killed the two adulterers (Zhu Mantong) when they were about to commit adultery or were committing adultery, and if there was a present situation of aggression that could not be eliminated without killing them, then it would not constitute a crime according to Article 15 of the Criminal Law; if the fact is that he did not need to kill to eliminate the aggression, but killed the two, then it should be punished according to the provisions of the proviso of this article.
If the “adultery” was already completed and there was no question of “exclusion of aggression”, then the killing should be in accordance with Article 311, and Article 15 should not be invoked.
As for the killing of “adulteress”, whether or not in the place of adultery to kill, according to Article 311 of the Criminal Code, but all have to be reduced in accordance with Article 54 of the Criminal Code and the second item of Article 13, as appropriate.
The issue of surrender, you can refer to Article 51 of the Penal Code to reduce the penalty. If the sentence needs to be reduced cumulatively, it should be handled in accordance with Article 61 of the Criminal Law.
Next Xu Feng Shi cited some explicit interpretation of the Daliyuan, and finally said: how to handle this case, since it belongs to a specific case, the facts need to be studied clearly before the application of the law, not the higher authorities get speculation and command of the person. The matter of human life, the need to be prudent, do not overdo not indulge.
Xu Feng Shi, the Attorney General’s reply, showing a civil law people’s quality. It seems that the murderer Shen Fanzhu will not escape punishment, but it is expected that he will be treated leniently.
8
In addition to the murder between the direct parties, sometimes, driven by desire and a sense of crisis, the cheater will even kill other blood relatives who happen to break into the scene of adultery.
After the death of a farmer surnamed Liu in Zhenhai County, Ningbo, his wife fornicated with a local Zhang. The farmer surnamed Liu and his wife have a son and a daughter, the son is 25 years old, the woman is 13 years old. When his son returned home one night in June 1916, he found his mother whispering with Zhang under the lamp, and he “saw that he was very unhappy and went out and lay down in the back room”. When it was three o’clock, his mother and Zhang strangled him with a foot-wrapping yarn and hanged him to death. The incident was later revealed by her 13-year-old daughter, and the clan’s patriarch led the crowd to capture the “adulterous couple” and hang them in the ancestral hall before sending them to the government for prosecution.
There was also a murder case that happened between a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. Jin Mingda, a businessman from Wuxiu, Hubei Province, had a stepmother, Fu, and a wife, Chen, who were doing business in Anqing all year round. The mother-in-law and daughter-in-law were “quite harmonious” with each other. Fu’s private and neighbors Zhang Ju De fornication. One day, Chen got up early to greet her mother-in-law and found a man’s shoes in her room, so she withdrew. But Fu’s “by the hatred of the bones, will want to frame to silence.”
One day, Fu took advantage of her son’s business has not returned, instructed the old Zhang next door to hide upstairs first, and then asked her daughter-in-law Chen to go upstairs to get something. After Chen went upstairs, Fu moved the stairs away. Zhang Ju De then suddenly scurried out and “embraced and begged for pleasure”. Chen shouted that there was a thief, but Zhang Ji De still refused to let go, Chen “fear of rape”, so she jumped down from upstairs and fainted on the spot. The neighbors dared to come and wake her up and listened to her tell what happened. Zhang Ju De escaped. The neighbors were all upset about this and wrote to Jin Mingda urging him to return home.
Chen later died of her injuries. When the media reported the story, they called her a “martyr”.
Postscript
After telling so many stories of so-called “adulterous couples”, it seems that a hundred years ago it was a world of human lust.
But the difference between that time and now is that there were still “martyrs” in the true sense of the word. Wang Cheng, a 21-year-old woman from the town of Gaozi in Zhenjiang, should be considered one. After her husband’s death, she refused to listen to her aunt’s advice to remarry and tried to commit suicide several times, finally committing suicide in March 1916. This is another extreme case of being victimized by the traditional concept of sex.
Returning to the case of Zhu Zhaogui mentioned at the beginning of this article, the subsequent development was that the Legal Department suspected that the so-called foreigner’s report letter was “fabricated” by Cao Weiqing, who had committed adultery with Fang, Zhu Zhaogui’s wife, for the purpose of “venting his anger”. The case was filed with the court. However, Cao Weiqing escaped without being captured. After Fang’s detention was over, the judge summoned Zhu Zhaogui to the case and handed Fang back to him for discipline, saying that if he met Cao Weiqing, he could bring him to court.
These cases of love affairs reported by the media are just one scoop of the three thousand weak waters of private sexual intercourse in 1916.
Sexual intercourse is the most primitive human impulse, and it has always occupied a central position in the dramatic picture of social history. Compared to its importance, historiography has always been too light and superficial.
(The cases cited in this article were all checked by the author in 1916 in the “Declaration”)
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