With the increasing awareness of first aid, people will no longer “sit and wait” when they encounter an emergency. However, some wrong first aid method not only delays the rescue time, but even causes secondary injuries.
Mistake one: tilting your head when you have a nosebleed
When we had a nosebleed as children, our parents made us tilt our heads and plug our nostrils with toilet paper. In fact, tilting the head will let the blood flow into the respiratory tract, causing asphyxiation. If the nosebleed is after trauma, it is likely that the cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the skull base injury, blocking the nose may lead to intracranial infection.
The correct approach: sit down, lean forward slightly, open your mouth and breathe through your mouth; pinch both sides of the nose with your thumb and forefinger and squeeze towards the back of your head for 10 minutes to feel a slight pain. If still bleeding, you can slightly move the pinch position until the blood stops. If the blood flow does not stop, you should immediately seek medical attention.
Mistake two: burns coated with toothpaste
When cooking is splashed with oil, or hands touching a hot pan, it hurts to stomp your feet. Many people rush to apply some toothpaste, the mint component of which can make the affected area feel cool temporarily, but this can easily lead to bacterial growth and wound infection. In addition, it is not right to apply soy sauce or soy sauce.
The correct approach: immediately rinse the affected area with cool water to inhibit the damage to the skin from the heat and reduce the risk of infection; wrap the affected area with gauze to keep it clean and dry. If the injury is blistered, do not pierce at will, in serious cases to immediately seek medical attention.
Mistake three: the throat stuck hard swallow food
When you see a fresh fish, you will inevitably get stuck in the throat with a fish spike. People have come up with many “magic tricks” to deal with, such as drinking vinegar, swallowing food, etc., but these methods are not scientific. A few mouthfuls of vinegar will not soften the fish spike, and swallowing the food may cause bleeding and other damage to the esophagus.
The correct approach: If you can see the thorns, remove them directly by hand or with tweezers. If you can’t see it or if the person can’t speak, you should seek medical attention.
Mistake four: the old man fell and rushed to help
When you see an old man fall, well-meaning people will subconsciously pick him up and ask if there is any serious injury. However, the elderly mostly have osteoporosis, prone to fractures after a fall, rushing to pick them up may aggravate the injury.
The correct approach: if you suspect a fracture, you can keep warm in place, pain relief, to prevent shock; if bleeding should immediately stop bleeding, fixed; if you suspect a spinal fracture or the situation is more serious, you should keep the body of the elderly immobile, waiting for 120 emergency in place. If you can confirm that the elderly are not fractured, you should also observe whether they are unconscious. If he or she is conscious and does not feel well, he or she can be picked up after a short rest; if he or she is unconscious, 120 rescue must be requested. While waiting for rescue, the elderly should be slowly flattened in place to a supine position, untie the collar and incline their head to the side to keep the airway open and prevent vomit reflux. If there is a sudden, rapid loss of consciousness and loss of aortic pulse, perform CPR immediately.
Mistake 5: Tying hard when stopping bleeding
When cooking, you accidentally cut your hand and blood flows. People generally use gauze or band-aids to tightly strangle the wound, sometimes the fingers are strangled purple. In fact, this will impede blood circulation, and over time will lead to swelling, bruising, and in serious cases, necrosis at the end of the limb.
Correct practice: let the injured sit or lie down, elevate the injured part; clean the contaminated wound with water, bleeding fast should first stop bleeding; cover the wound with sterile gauze or clean, breathable, non-adhesive, absorbent dressing, hand pressure for 5 to 10 minutes (in an emergency, you can directly press the wound to stop bleeding), if the blood soaked gauze, it is best not to remove, should be added to the dressing; stop the bleeding, after Wrap the wound with bandage and cloth. You can also use your fingers to press the arterial blood vessel at the proximal end of the wound on the bone to block the blood flow. This method is applicable to the extremities, but due to the impact on the blood supply, the time should not exceed 10 minutes.
Mistake 6: Randomly moving patients
Accident scene, people help to move the injured to safety, although it is good intention, but may help the reverse. Because improper handling can cause secondary injuries. For example, car accidents often cause cervical spine injuries, if not protected in the handling, may compress the nerve, resulting in disability.
The right approach: when the situation is unknown, do not act rashly. There are five major precautions for handling the injured: 1. first aid, then moving; 2. as far as possible, do not shake the body of the injured; 3. at any time to observe breathing, body temperature, bleeding, facial changes, etc., pay attention to the patient to keep warm; 4. personnel, equipment is not ready, do not move at will; 5. the best way to transport the injured in an ambulance, the way must remain stable, not bumpy.
Mistake seven: drowning backwards after the control of water
There have been news reports, parents carry the drowning child’s feet for inverted water control, save the child. In fact, this not only has little effect, but also delays the rescue time.
The correct approach: the drowning person flat, quickly pry open their mouth, remove foreign bodies in the throat, nose. After drowning, the tongue will fall back and block the airway, so lift their chin. If the drowning person stops breathing, artificial respiration should be performed as soon as possible by pinching his or her nostrils, taking a deep breath, blowing slowly into his or her mouth, and relaxing his or her nostrils when his or her chest is slightly lifted, 16 to 20 times per minute, until breathing is restored. Once the drowning person’s heart stops, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately. Place the palm of the right hand flat on the lower part of the sternum, cross the left hand on the back of the right hand, slowly press the sternum down about 4 cm, and then loosen the wrist, without leaving the sternum, at 60-80 times per minute until the heartbeat is restored.
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