Mao Zedong with Zhang Wentian in 1955.
Zhang Wentian was in charge of party affairs after the Zunyi Conference
Wentian and I never lived together during the Long March because we were afraid of having children, and we didn’t live together until Wa Yaobao. When we got married, Chairman Mao came and said that he would not admit it unless he invited guests. At that Time, the relationship was rather casual. Chairman Mao sometimes called Wen Tian “Qing Tian” and sometimes “Emperor”. He made a limerick to the effect that: Li Sanlang, the son of The Emperor, did not love the mountains but the beauty; and now he is on the throne, loves the mountains but also loves the beauty. Because Wen Tian is the general secretary, Chairman Mao said I was a woman of style. I did not admit that I was a lady, but said that He Zizhen was the lady. Comrade Chen Yun joked and also called me “Niang Niang”, I disagreed, he said, Chairman Mao said so! After arriving at Phoenix Mountain, Chairman Mao joked that when he came to us, he always said, “I want to enter the palace, see the emperor, see the General Secretary for instructions! Lai Chuanzhu’s lover, Sun Xiang, who had just arrived, also liked to talk about “entering the palace”. I said what “palace” yo! She said, “It’s the “palace”!
Wen Tian became the General Secretary after the Zunyi Conference. Wen Tian said that Chairman Mao proposed that he be chosen as General Secretary. Chairman Mao was using these people because they had an international background. At that time, there was a lot of superstition about the Communist International. Everyone believed in the Communist International. Li De was not obeyed because he was brilliant, but because he was sent by the Communist International. At that time, the prestige of the Communist International was very high.
Before the Zunyi Conference, Chairman Mao was neither a member of the Politburo Standing Committee nor anything else. Many people supported the Sixth Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee, and Bogu had a lot of power for a few years. Chairman Mao was on the sidelines at the time and was still opposed by some. Many people were unconvinced of Chairman Mao, even Lin Biao. Chairman Mao was following Wentian at that time, and pushed Wentian out to speak when something happened. For the Zunyi Conference, it depends on how to speak. The idea was Chairman Mao’s, but it was Zhang Wentian who came out on top. Of course, what Wentian said was discussed with Chairman Mao first. Later, from arranging the schedule to informing the meeting, Wentian also consulted Chairman Mao first. So Chairman Mao said he was good at summarizing.
In the Central Soviet Union, Bogu was the general secretary, and everyone called him the general secretary. He was in charge of both party and government, but legally, he was elected secretary, not “general”. I was in the youth group at that time. Whenever the youth league held a regular committee, Bogu was always the general secretary, representing the party. He would joke around. Bo Gu, Kefeng and I were all young and lively. Until the Zunyi Conference, everyone called him General Secretary, but no one said he was in charge. After the Zunyi meeting, everyone called Wentian the general secretary. He was called General Secretary until the December 1937 meeting.
After the Zunyi Conference, it was actually Zhang Wentian who was the head. After Chairman Mao left the “three-man team” of the Central Committee, he only cared about fighting the war in the front and nothing else. After arriving in Shanbei, for a few years it was Wentian who was in charge. His position was above Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi, and he was the leader of them. For some time after we moved to Yan’an, the Central Committee met at my Home. At that time, my Family lived very close to the Central Committee, and they did not avoid me in their meetings, so I heard some of them. Before the Rectification, Wentian and Chairman Mao worked together quite well until the end of 1937 when I left Yan’an for Moscow to recover from my illness. When Chairman Mao had a problem, he would talk to him. During this period, Chairman Mao came often, and when Luofu was not there, he had his guards shout around and call him back, saying that Chairman Mao had come. Those who attended the Central Committee meeting were Bogu, Zhou Enlai, Yang Shangkun and others. The meeting went well at that time. Everyone talked in a very casual and enthusiastic manner.
I did not attend the Wajao Fort meeting because I had a high fever and went to live in security. During the Long March, the original establishment was disrupted, and was re-established only in Wajao Fort. The army, trade unions, and youth league were each under their own mouths. At the Wajao Fort meeting, the army and party politics were separated. At that time, Chairman Mao was in the Military Commission, and only cared about fighting the war. The Central Committee and the rear were all under Wen Tian’s control. Chairman Mao is fighting a war, guerrilla warfare, more brilliant: how to fight, how to detour, how to save forces, the enemy calculated clearly. It’s not exactly that he is the only one who is brilliant. The first thing you need to do is to get a good idea. Lin Biao is still more brilliant. Lin Biao was trained in Huangpu and joined the Northern Expedition. Peng Dehuai also knows military knowledge. And Liu Bo Cheng. Chairman Mao summed it up and combined the opinions to see which one to listen to. Military, he knows the situation in China better. He did not care about the party politics.
At that time, people would look for Wen Tian, not Chairman Mao. Guo Hongtao, Guan Xiangying, and the Second Front Army all came to Wen Tian. The transporters sent letters back and forth, and brought letters from other places, all directly to Wen Tian. Wang Lin was the first transport agent, he only knew Wen Tian, not Chairman Mao. Later, the same thing happened with Lu Ben, who also went to Wen Tian. After arriving in Yan’an, the local affairs, those people still come to Phoenix Mountain to find Wen Tian! Later, probably to carry Chairman Mao, it has become everyone to go to Chairman Mao. History is like this, good things are piling up on one person. Wentian did the right thing, do a lot of things, it seems that he did not do, said Chairman Mao did.
The people who went to Shanbei to release Liu Zhidan were the ones who wrote directly to Wen Tian. The person in charge of the Shaanbei is Guo Hongtao, who came to the joint at the beginning, and Cheng Zihua came to the joint only afterwards. The North Shaanxi purge is also about contradictions. This faction crowded that faction, that faction crowded this faction. Xi Zhongxun was young at the time, how could he stand up to it. Xi Zhongxun and Ma Wenrui were imprisoned. The central government sent Zhu Liji to be a special agent, but it was actually a formality. At that time is the local power, he can not intervene, Zhu Liji is also the back of the black pot. When Wen Tian found out about the purge in northern Shaanxi, he approached them for a meeting. Wen Tian said that none of them could be killed and told them to release the people.
Chairman Mao was in Zhiluo town at the time, fighting in the front. At that time, fighting a war was still a big problem. Without consolidating the base, there is no way to stand, so it is necessary to fight a few battles. Chairman Mao wanted to concentrate on the war. Together with Zhou Enlai, Peng Dehuai and Lin Biao, he was in complete charge of the military. He did not care about the rear, and would not solve local problems, as the war was not yet over. At that time, there was not even a radio station in Shaanbei, and there was no telegram between the Military Commission and the Central Committee. Chairman Mao in Wuqi town and the central government did not contact, to the next Temple Bay before contact, how can notify the “knife to leave people”? This matter, Guo Hongtao know the most, and now he also dare to say some.
Wang Ming returned to Yan’an at the end of 1937, and Wen Tian’s position began to change, but he continued to be the general secretary and continued to handle the day-to-day affairs of the Central Committee. Only when I returned from Moscow in March 1939, the Central Committee was no longer in our house, but had gone to Chairman Mao’s meetings instead. I came back with the whole set of codes of the Communist International dead in my head and wrote them down to the Central Committee when I returned. I was no longer in the Central Committee of the Young Communist Party and was transferred to the Central Secretariat as a director. Because of my work, I could see that Wen Tian was still in charge of the Central Committee, handling daily affairs, and that the telegrams were still approved by Wen Tian. At that time, it was not obvious that there was any major problem between Chairman Mao and Wen Tian. Wen Tian did not say much about these matters, and I did not ask.
Until 1940, Wen Tian was very busy. At that time, he was also the head of the Propaganda Department and the head of the Cadre Education Department, and Zhu Guang was the deputy head. It was in 1941 when the rectification began and after Wentian went to northwest Jin for investigation, he did not care about the central government. The fact that Zhang Wentian was the general secretary was not mentioned later. Wentian is very noble, people do not mention him, not to mention. He does not care, too lazy to talk. The past is wrong, it is wrong, and later right, it is right. He is not like Bogu. The fact that Wang Ming could not stand it is even more unbearable, so he was rectified. The first time I saw him, I was able to get the credit for his work.
When Wen Tian was the general secretary, Chairman Mao came to Wen Tian to discuss the problems more often. At that time, Chairman Mao respected Wen Tian and called him a “wise ruler”. He said he was fair and democratic, and his opinions were summarized in the summaries of meetings.
When Liu Shaoqi was in Shanbei, he asked Wentian for advice. At that time, he was respectful to Wen Tian. As soon as he returned to Yan’an, he came to Wen Tian to report on his work. It was Wen Tian who talked to Liu Shaoqi and assigned him to work. It was Wen Tian’s decision to send Liu Shaoqi to study and organize the work in the White Zone, and he talked to Shaoqi. On the issue of 61 people being released from prison, it was Liu Shaoqi who asked him for permission, and he discussed with Chairman Mao, and then he approved it. In fact, such a matter, Liu Shaoqi could not make the decision on his own, is sure to ask Wen Tian for permission. He often came to us in Yan’an, I entertained him for dinner and got him some chili or something to eat. He is from Hunan, want to eat chili!
Liu Shaoqi talked about a lot of things in our kiln, in Wentian’s place. He was very interested in philosophy, and he came to Wentian to talk about it. I also helped him borrow philosophy books as he requested, and found someone from the Marxist-Leninist Institute to give him philosophy lectures. I laughed at him: You’ve become Hegel! Liu Shaoqi said that he himself had some problems deep, but not as good at generalization as Luo Fu; often there are many opinions at the meeting, Luo Fu can quickly summarize a few, because Luo Fu has a theory. To be able to generalize must have theoretical level. So Liu Shaoqi said he had to learn the theory, just have experience is not enough. Liu Shaoqi also said to Liu Bin (Liu Ying’s brother, who was Liu Shaoqi’s secretary and vice minister of metallurgy): I like to drill, drill deep; Luofu is good at synthesis. But then Liu Shaoqi was not fair to Wentian either hey!
Before and after the Zunyi Conference, Zhou Enlai and Wentian were very good. When Wentian was the general secretary, Zhou Enlai respected him and always came back to us every time he went out. After the Rectification, he stopped coming. He was an empiricist.
The company has its strengths and weaknesses. The first thing you need to do is to get a good idea of who is in power. He was good at catering to the leaders. He worshipped one person very well. He used to support Chen Duxiu, Xiang Zhongfa and Li Lisan. When he was in the Soviet Union, he was very close to Bogu, and he also admired Li De. During the Wuhan period, he was with Wang Ming, who ordered the whole country in the name of Chen Shaoyu, Zhou Enlai, Bo Gu and Kai Feng. Then came the worship of Chairman Mao.
Zhou Enlai, the man, was resourceful. Gu Shunzhang defected, and it was he who made up his mind to move quickly. He embraced Xiang Zhongfa in Shanghai, saying: Xiang Zhongfa was a worker and had organized a riot. In reality, Xiang Zhongfa was a puppet and did not say a word in the meetings. He couldn’t say anything either. Things were done by people like Zhou Enlai. Xiang Zhongfa rebelled, and he was the one who discovered it. Xiang Zhongfa wore a satin robe and satin lab coat, had a wife of his own, and engaged in a mistress, visited the kilns, and knew nothing. Zhou Enlai also paid attention to the arrangements for Xiang Zhongfa, but still something happened and he was caught. This is what Chen Zongying told me. She lived in Xiang Zhongfa’s organ and was arrested together with Xiang Zhongfa. Xiang Zhongfa’s young wife was locked up with her. She warned the young wife not to admit that she was one of Xiang Zhongfa’s people, and that she would be killed if she did. The young wife was able to listen to her. Chen Zongying was uneducated, but politically determined. She did not admit to being a communist, but only said she was a nanny. She took Yuanzhi with her, who was very young at the time. When her interrogators asked her to sign, she scribbled everywhere to show that she was uneducated; and when she pinched Yuanzhi’s buttocks, the child cried, so the interrogation was stopped. The enemy thought: How could such an uneducated old woman be a communist? There was no basis either. So the enemy let her go and gave her five dollars. So, not all Kuomintang officials are bad.
Wen Tian and Chen Yi were very good when they were in Yan’an, dancing together, and Chen Yi even came to my side to play Go. Chen Yi was a very brisk and casual person. I called him General Windy.
The whole wind did not count Chen Yun as empiricist. Comrade Chen Yun and Wen Tian’s relationship is very good, often come to our residence to talk about work, talk about problems. He once said: I now realize that books should be read one by one, read one to understand it one. After the liberation, he lived in North Long Street, and the two of them often corresponded with each other.
Pan Hannian and Wen Tian were very familiar with each other, and usually talked with Wen Tian, and the two were the best of friends. When Wen Tian was the propaganda minister, Pan Hannian was the vice minister. Chen Yun was also very good to Pan Hannian. When Pan Hannian returned to Shanbei, he first reported to Wentian. He lived in our kiln, I lived with Wentian on the pit, and he slept on a marching bed. He also ate at my place. He also talked with Chairman Mao once, and Wentian brought him there. Pan Hannian also gave a pen to Wentian and put it into his pocket, saying: “I can get it outside, but you have no pen here, only a brush, not even a pencil. When he saw that we had no clothes, he gave Wentian a knitted thread coat, not wool. The clothes were a little smaller, so he gave them to me. Male comrades also do not know how to buy things. I said this is a man’s clothes, he said it does not matter. His name is “Xiao Kai”, always want to send something to people, it is not good to come in, the inspection is very strict, and no money. After Pan Hannian was locked up, Wen Tian and I told, said Pan Hannian is so and so, the Politburo does not convey, I still do not believe. I said you do not ask a question? He said, what is the use of asking ah? Chairman Mao did not even let anyone ask.
The first thing you need to do is to get your own personal information. If Wentian didn’t support him, he couldn’t get out.
The first thing you need to do is to get a good idea of what you want to do.
Liu Xiao and Liu Changsheng reported to Luo Fu every time they came back and asked for instructions.
At that time to engage in school, students came to learn what, people came to us, looking for Wen Tian to ask. At the end of the day, who would be the director of Lu Yi? At that time, Kang Sheng had already arrived in Zao Yuan, and he asked Wen Tian to be the director. Wen Tian said: No, I have too many part-time jobs, it is not suitable, you can be. When they asked for their opinion, they were still in favor of Wen Tian. His prestige is different! Of course he should be the dean! Later, Zhou Yang was asked to be the dean.
Zhou Yang was a cultural person, but he had been “left” in the White Zone and could not get along with Feng Xuefeng, so he was transferred in. He was in a difficult situation in Yan’an, and he and Wen Tian got along well. We were old-timers, and the two of them came to my place often. After the Cultural Revolution began, Zhou Yang was imprisoned. “After the fall of the Gang of Four, I met Zhou Yang at a memorial service for Peng Dehuai. He asked me, “How is Comrade Luofu?” I said, “He is no longer here.” It was hard for him. This time when I talked to him about the past, he said it was like a dream. Later I went to see him, too. After he got sick, he was able to talk earlier. I said to him to be open-minded, that’s the way our party is. He smiled a little and didn’t talk much. When I went to see him again, he didn’t speak at all.
In northern Shaanxi, cultural people fought with each other like crazy. The cultural people like to make comments. This person came to complain about that person, and that person came to complain about this person. Ding Ling and others all came to Wen Tian, and it was very complicated.
Wen Tian was against the “left” and supported Feng Xuefeng. Feng Xuefeng was a great admirer of Lu Xun. Wen Tian also respected Lu Xun and said that Lu Xun was right. Feng Xuefeng and Wen Tian were very good. It was Wen Tian who sent Feng Xuefeng to Shanghai. Every time Feng Xuefeng came back, Wen Tian would talk with him, and he would talk about Lu Xun for a long time. Lu Xun gave him a ham, which he could not bring in, so they shared it in Xi’an. But Feng Xuefeng both disliked Zhou Yang and disagreed with the united front, saying that after half a day of fighting, there was still a united front? He then ran away and quit. But quit did not do bad things, is negative.
Wu Xiuquan said to Luo Fu after the Zunyi meeting asked to leave Li De, Luo Fu agreed, and he went down to the troops.
Feng Wenbin to the Youth League in charge, was transferred by Wentian. After arriving in Shanbei Lai Dachao became the secretary of the Young Communist Party Central Committee, I became the propaganda minister, and Hu Yaobang was the organization minister. Zhang Hao suggested that I should be the secretary of the Young Communist Party Central Committee. I said Zhang Wentian is the general secretary of the party, and let me be the general secretary of the regiment, how bad, or Liu Daosheng is better. Later, Liu Daosheng became the secretary, but he was a military style, really can not catch up. Yiao Bang and I went to Wentian together and reflected this problem. Yiao Bang recommended Feng Wenbin to take over. Later, the youth group was completely reorganized.
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