Chu Anping
The Jiu San Society was formally established on May 4, 1946, after the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the reason it is called “Jiu San Society” is to commemorate the day of Japanese surrender in the Chinese war zone. Its members are mainly senior and middle-ranking intellectuals in the science and technology field, with teachers, physicians, engineers, and other common occupations. Since its founding, it has actively assisted the Chinese Communist Party in its united front, and issued a manifesto in support of the Chinese Communist Party’s convening of a new political consultative conference before the Chinese Communist Party was about to establish its government.
The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (TDSL), or “Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League”, was founded in 1947, and its members are mainly “people from Taiwan Province who live in mainland China”.
According to public information, some of the well-known scientists in the Jiu San Society include Wang Ganchang, Deng Jiaxian, Zhao Jiuzhang, Chen Fang Yun, Cheng Kaijia, and other experts of the “two bombs and one star” of the Chinese Communist Party. The author has already listed their persecution experiences during the Cultural Revolution in “Little Known Persecution Experiences of Experts of the Two Bombs and One Star”, in which nuclear physics expert Deng Jiaxian and his wife were criticized, and Deng Jiaxian’s respected third sister chose to commit suicide because she could not bear the endless torture by the rebels.
The physicist Wang Jianchang also became the target of criticism, and was accused of being a “bourgeois reactionary academic authority,” “living philosophy,” and “disturbing the military,” among countless other charges.
The geophysicist and space physicist Zhao Jiuzhang was not only paraded through the streets, but also forced to reform through labor, and in 1968, he committed suicide by taking Medicine. Chen Fangyun, an expert in radio electronics and space systems engineering, was dismissed from his position right after the Cultural Revolution began and sent to work as a worker in a factory in southern Shaanxi Province for “training” and “reformation.
In addition to this, the Jiusan Society was persecuted by many people, especially the “five rightists” Jin Baoshan, Gu Dizhong, Lu Kanru, Yuan Hanqing, and Chu Anping, who were the most famous, in addition to the above-mentioned science and technology experts.
Jiu San Society Vice Minister of Propaganda Cui Anping disappeared
Born in Yixing, Cui Anping was educated in traditional Chinese Culture since he was a child, and later enrolled in the English Department of Shanghai Guanghua University. After his return to China, he served as a Writer and editor for the Central Daily News, a professor at Fudan University, a researcher at the Central University of Political Science, and the president and editor-in-chief of the magazine Observer.
Although Chu Anping, a fierce critic of the Kuomintang, had already seen through the Communist Party as early as the 1940s and believed that under the Kuomintang, “freedom” was still a question of “more” and “less”, while under the Communist Party, “freedom” became a question of “yes” and “no”, and “what the Communist Party advocates is also ‘party mastery’ and never ‘democracy'”, he eventually chose to stay on the mainland, where he had a series of bad luck.
In early 1957, Mao Zedong adopted the method of “luring snakes out of their holes” in order to purge intellectuals, asking the heads of democratic parties and intellectuals to give their opinions to the Communist Party, and some naive intellectuals put forward their views, including Chu Anping. In his speech at a symposium, he said that the key to the poor relationship between the party and the people was the problem of the “party world”. According to him, “leading the country does not mean that the country is owned by the party, and people support the party, but they do not forget that they are also the masters of the country. “The main purpose of a political party in gaining power is to realize its ideals and implement its policies. In order to ensure the implementation of its policies and consolidate the power it has gained, the party needs to control certain pivots in the state organs, which is all natural”, “but in the whole country, regardless of the size of the unit, or even a section or a group, a party member has to be the head, and everything has to be done according to the party’s colors, and only when the party member gives his nod. Counting, such a practice, is not too much some?”
Chu Anping thus concluded, “The party does not do so, is not ‘not the king’s land’ like the ideology, thus forming the current situation of such a Family of a clear color.” What shocked the participants was that he also directed his criticism at Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and called them “old monks” in a very disrespectful way. The question he wanted to ask Mao and Zhou was, “Why is there no one from outside the Party among the current senior leaders of the country?”
Cui Anping’s remark about the “party world” and his criticism of Mao and Zhou not only shocked the Communist Party but also kept Mao Zedong awake for several days. Because of this shocking remark, he was branded as a rightist and became one of the top five rightists who still cannot be “rehabilitated”; because of this shocking act, his wife divorced him, his children separated from him, and his colleagues “denounced” him. Although he admitted his “mistakes,” the CCP did not let him off the hook.
In fear and anxiety, he continued to be persecuted during the Cultural Revolution. In late August 1966, Chu Anping attempted suicide by throwing himself into the river, and was not seen again after September. He has not been heard from since then, whether he committed suicide, was killed, or became a monk …… is still inconclusive.
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