After the Chinese Communist Party suppressed the Tibetan resistance and the Dalai’s departure, it began to “stigmatize” Tibet, and the Chinese Communist Party media portrayed Tibet as a hell on earth, with all kinds of torture, such as drawing human tendons, skinning people, and gouging out their eyes. Mao’s army was the so-called “righteous army” to “save” the Tibetan people. By depriving the upper class aristocrats and landlords of their property, the CCP used it to buy off many Tibetans at the bottom and make them “grateful” to the Communist Party. According to the Chinese Communist Party, they are “turned over serfs”.
Let’s not talk about whether the Tibetan past was as the CCP portrayed it, but in less than a decade, the “rehabilitated serfs” began to revolt against the CCP on a large scale, even killing soldiers stationed in Tibet. Why is this?
Tibetan Revolt and the Killing of Nun Chilai Trizin and Others
It was reported that from March 1969, large scale Tibetan protests took place in Changdu, Lhasa suburbs, Shigatse, and Nagqu regions of Tibet, and even killed many Chinese soldiers. According to later statistics, out of 71 counties in Tibet, a conservative estimate is that 52 counties participated in the protests, and the participants were neither former Tibetans from the upper echelons nor those who participated in the 1959 protests, but were basically the so-called “rehabilitated serfs” of the Communist Party. Although the protests were quelled by the bloody suppression of the Chinese army, how could this not be an embarrassment to the Chinese Communist Party? What were these “rehabilitated serfs” doing? Let’s take a brief look at the events.
According to the “History of the CPC in Tibet”, at the end of January, someone in Bianba County formulated the “three no’s” reactionary program of “no to the Communist Party, no to public food, no to socialism”; and then set up the “four waters and six posts of the Guardian Army “On May 20, they attacked the county party committee, injuring more than 30 cadres and workers, and on June 8, they attacked the county party committee, seizing the power of the county revolutionary committee and taking away the official seals of the county revolutionary committee. Then, several attacks on the county and district organs and military propaganda team in Bianba, robbing the county armed forces department weapons and ammunition, blowing up the military propaganda team housing, beating, robbing, burning, killing for 17 days, wounding hundreds of cadres and soldiers, but also to cut hands, plucking out eyes, abdominal dissection and other barbaric means, maiming and killing more than 50 cadres and soldiers.
On June 13, the nun Chilai Qu Zhen and the masses “siege, beat” the military propaganda team, the military propaganda team 22 people died in the incident.
According to Vise’s “Killing and Robbery”, the target of the Tibetans, including Chilai Quizhen, was clear and the bloody scene was completely different from the usual factional fighting in martial arts. It is obvious that the Tibetans have a deep hatred for the “Liberation Army” sent by the Chinese Communist Party to “save” them.
It is said that the Chinese Central Committee was so shocked by the events in Tibet that it sent troops to suppress them. It is quite conceivable that the Tibetans, who had no formal training, could not withstand the blows of the Chinese Communist army. In the end, many Tibetans who protested were killed and Chilai Trizin and others were arrested.
In February 1970, the Tibetan government of the Communist Party of China handed down sentences, and 17 Tibetans, including Cholye Trizin, were sentenced to death by firing squad and executed immediately. On that day, the people of Lhasa almost came out to receive the so-called “class education” at the public trial. The Chinese Communist Party at the time characterized them as “rebellious” (another rebellion).
Tibetan writer Weishe’s paper, “Tibetan Cultural Revolution Suspicions: The June 7, 1968 Dazhao Monastery Incident and the 1969 Nimu and Bianba Incidents,” reveals that a Chinese man who was a Communist soldier in Tibet and later served at the bureau level told him that he was standing right in front of Chilai Trizin, who was being publicly tried He saw very clearly: “Fearing that she would shout slogans and disturb the people, he not only cut her throat, but also pierced her cheek with several wires, piercing from one side to the other, and then tied them tightly to the back of her head, resulting in blood flowing all over her mouth and face, and blood on her chest, which was unbearable.”
In 1970 and 1971, at least 295 people were executed by the court for “rebellion,” some of whom were wrongly accused and later compensated with a small amount of money.
However, according to Prabhu, who was involved in the investigation of the “Bianba incident” and interviewed by Visser, the number of deaths was much higher than that. He said that in 1970, when the “Mao Thought Study Class” was held, a group of people were killed, “more than 100 people in Bianba and Dingqing counties alone. …… The first batch was killed, and there were two or three more batches, killing hundreds and hundreds of them. The first batch was killed, but the second batch was not allowed to be killed, so it may be found that there is a tendency to expand. 73 years when we went to Bianba to implement the policy, ready to kill, already in prison sentenced to life imprisonment, sentenced to 15 years, 18 years, at least 10 years or more, just the township I went to have a lot of people.” Another Tibetan who worked in the area also said, “It is said that the Bianba rebellion, a public trial shooting is more than ninety people.”
The vast majority of those who were shot have not been rehabilitated. A Tibetan who experienced the “Red Terror” of that year lamented: “So many bloodshed ah, let us Tibetans chilled to the bone. We have been hurt so much that we have lost trust in the Communist Party. So the so-called ‘riots’ in ’87 and ’89 were actually related to these injuries.”
Reasons for the revolt of the “rebel serfs”
Why did the “rehabilitated serfs” who were once grateful to the CCP “rebel”? Why do they want to kill Communist soldiers? What exactly do they have against the CCP? In the book “Killing and Robbery”, an old man, Qiangba Renqing, who had been a monk and a CCP activist, said this: “At first we thought that the revolution would bring a good life, a completely different life from before. Didn’t they say that we would be the masters of our own house? Does that mean we can also become officials and have a lot of money? In short, there must be a very different life. But the more I came to realize that this is not the case. The kind of life one has in this life is actually determined by cause and effect, and it is the cause of previous lives that brings about the effect of this life.”
The 10th Panchen’s “Seventy Thousand Words” also tells of the destruction of Tibetan culture, especially faith, by the Chinese Communist reforms. Not only were temples destroyed, but also Buddhist scriptures, stupas, and statues. The madness “caused people from all walks of life to be astonished, confused, discouraged, tearful, and mournful: our place has become a black place (in Tibetan proverb, a place without religion is called a black place), etc.”.
What makes Tibetans most painful is also that the dead are not allowed to overtake: “According to our Tibetan custom, if people do not perform overtaking after death, it is seen as ungrateful, cruel and extremely bad to the deceased.” Thus for some time people said, “We died too late; if we had died earlier, we would still have been able to receive an override; now death is like dying a dog, and as soon as our breath is broken, we will be thrown out the door.”
In addition, when the Communist Party expanded its counterinsurgency, in some parts of Qing, Gan, Sichuan, and Yunnan Tibetan areas “except for the old and young women who could not fight, most of the young and strong men and reasonable people were arrested and imprisoned.”
From the old man’s words and Panchen’s petition, we may be able to find some reasons why the wonderful picture once painted by the Chinese Communist Party for the “upturned serfs” has been found to be nothing but a mirage over time. The Tibetans, who were deceived by the CCP and unable to get status and money from their secular life, went back to look for God and Buddha, only to find that their faith and monasteries were mostly destroyed by the CCP. How can the Tibetans who have nowhere to turn to not hate the CCP? And those who are soldiers will inevitably become victims. This is probably the reason why the serfs are fighting back. When will the unjust souls floating in the snowy land be able to get their wrongs done?
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